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Justitiële verkenningen

Meer op het gebied van Criminologie en veiligheid

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Aflevering 4, 2023 Alle samenvattingen uitklappen
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Inleiding

Auteurs Joost van Onna en Johan van Wilsem
Auteursinformatie

Joost van Onna
Dr. J.H.R. van Onna is onderzoeker bij het Functioneel Parket (Openbaar Ministerie) en research fellow aan de Vrije Universiteit.

Johan van Wilsem
Dr. J.A. van Wilsem is strateeg-onderzoeker bij de Algemene Rekenkamer.
Artikel

De aanpak van milieucriminaliteit in Nederland

Lessen van de afgelopen decennia

Trefwoorden supervision, enforcement, pollution, public health, environmental regulation
Auteurs Karin van Wingerde, Sammie Verbeek en Lieselot Bisschop
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    How is it possible that large industrial facilities sometimes cause pollution and nuisance for decades without any effective action being taken? In this contribution, this question is being answered by analyzing the historical development of the enforcement of environmental crimes in the Netherlands. Three elements play a role: the fragmentation of supervision, the information asymmetry between businesses and the government, and the interconnection with legitimate business activities.


Karin van Wingerde
Prof. dr. C.G. van Wingerde is hoogleraar Corporate Crime & Governance aan de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam.

Sammie Verbeek
S.A.M. Verbeek is junior onderzoeker en tutor aan de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam.

Lieselot Bisschop
Prof. dr. L.C.J. Bisschop is hoogleraar Public & Private Interests aan de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam.
Artikel

Focus op criminaliteit in milieumarkten: het Dreigingsbeeld Milieucriminaliteit

Trefwoorden crime opportunities, situational crime prevention, waste trafficking, manure fraud, policy cycle
Auteurs Rudie Neve
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    The Environmental Crime Threat Assessment is published every four years in order to inform and support policy development, to promote awareness in politics of the seriousness of environmental crimes committed in the Netherlands, and to give advice on prevention. In recent versions of the report, a selection of sectors is analyzed with respect to opportunities for crime occurring for persons and businesses in the sector, often stemming from complicated regulation and shortage of enforcement. Two examples are discussed briefly. The waste sector has always been an important issue in the Threat Assessment and its predecessors, whereas manure fraud is a more recent problem.


Rudie Neve
Dr. R.J.M. Neve is senior onderzoeker bij de Dienst Landelijke Informatieorganisatie van de politie.
Artikel

Bestrijding van milieucriminaliteit in de praktijk

Ontwikkelingen in toezicht en opsporing

Trefwoorden restorative justice, environmental law, environmental crime, ecocide, regulatory system
Auteurs Jenny van Houten-Peschier
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    Enforcement of environmental law is complex and fragmented. It requires technical insight and perseverance to combat environmental crime, the large number of competent authorities in the Netherlands is a challenge, there is limited capacity, and environmental damage is often invisible. Therefore, a smart approach, innovation and collaboration are needed to reach the required effect in compliance. Technical and organizational innovations are developed to support inspectors and criminal investigators. High-quality regulations are needed to ensure enforceability. Also, all organizations should align their capacity for environmental enforcement and prosecution to prevent congestion. Environmental inspectors and investigators keep on developing their approach for an efficient and effective combat of environmental crime.


Jenny van Houten-Peschier
Ing. J. van Houten-Peschier is coördinerend adviseur opsporing bij de Inspectie Leefomgeving en Transport, Inlichtingen- en Opsporingsdienst (ILT-IOD).
Artikel

Regelovertreding, daders en handhaving bij milieucriminaliteit

Empirische inzichten uit twee recente studies

Trefwoorden environmental rule violations, legal and natural persons, recidivism, perpetrators, sanctions
Auteurs Victor van der Geest, Joost van Onna en Johan van Wilsem
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    Little empirical evidence exists about (rule violations of) perpetrators of environmental crime in the Netherlands and the effectiveness of government interventions through administrative and criminal law enforcement. The present article brings together insights from two recent empirical studies and describes the common threads that can be distilled from these two complementary studies regarding perpetrators, sanctions and recidivism. The results show that, among both companies and individuals, a small group of perpetrators is responsible for a majority of violations and offenses and that the criminal sanctions imposed differ between companies and individuals. The article discusses the findings on recidivism and effectiveness, draws conclusions and discusses future research.


Victor van der Geest
Dr. V. van der Geest is universitair hoofddocent Criminologie aan de Vrije Universiteit.

Joost van Onna
Dr. J.H.R. van Onna is onderzoeker bij het Functioneel Parket (Openbaar Ministerie) en research fellow aan de Vrije Universiteit.

Johan van Wilsem
Dr. J.A. van Wilsem is strateeg-onderzoeker bij de Algemene Rekenkamer.
Artikel

De corrigerende rol van het aansprakelijkheidsrecht bij bedrijfsmatige vervuiling van de leefomgeving

Trefwoorden liability, health and environmental risks, regulation
Auteurs Elbert de Jong en Michael Faure
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    The Chemours and Tata Steel cases illustrate that knowledge inequalities often exist between companies on the one hand and citizens and government on the other. They also illustrate that despite clear signals about risks, companies are seemingly reluctant to take costly precautionary measures. Ideally, companies would be obliged to do so through public risk regulation. However, knowledge inequalities between companies and governments can undermine the quality of regulation. Against this background, the question arises whether civil liability law can play a corrective role.


Elbert de Jong
Prof. E.R. de Jong is hoogleraar Privaatrecht aan het Molengraaff Instituut voor Privaatrecht en het Utrecht Centre for Accountability and Liability Law (UCALL) van de Universiteit Utrecht. Hij is eveneens programmaleider van UCALL en raadsheer-plaatsvervanger in het gerechtshof Arnhem-Leeuwarden.

Michael Faure
Prof. M.G. Faure is hoogleraar vergelijkend en internationaal milieurecht aan de Universiteit Maastricht en hoogleraar Comparative Private Law and Economics aan de Erasmus School of Law in Rotterdam.
Artikel

Milieucriminaliteit en groene criminologie

Trefwoorden environmental crime, green criminology, criminalization, harm principle, lawful but awful
Auteurs Daan van Uhm
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    In recent years, the harmful effects of human activities on the environment have become a central topic on the international agenda. While many harms against the environment have not (yet) been criminalized, more and more activities that were previously legal are becoming criminalized by law and that raises important criminological questions. This article will therefore discuss various forms of environmental crimes, the process of criminalization of harms against the environment, and the importance of a broad harm principle to understand environmental crime from a green criminological perspective.


Daan van Uhm
Dr. D.P. van Uhm is universitair hoofddocent criminologie bij het Willem Pompe Instituut van de Universiteit Utrecht.
Artikel

Het verlenen van rechten aan natuurentiteiten onderzocht vanuit een juridisch-maatschappelijk en ethisch perspectief

Trefwoorden rights of nature, nature protection, environmental law enforcement, democratic innovation, environmental law
Auteurs Tineke Lambooy, Ronald Jeurissen en Renske Mackor
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    Over forty countries around the world are taking an innovative legal path in the field of nature protection and environmental law by granting legal rights to elements of nature. Given the challenges which the Netherlands needs to solve regarding biodiversity loss and pollution of land, water and air, it is high time to reconsider past practices. In this article, the authors explore whether this innovative ‘Rights of Nature’ path could strengthen nature protection and environmental law in the Netherlands as well. The authors address that question from a legal-social and ethical perspective.


Tineke Lambooy
Prof. mr. dr. T. Lambooy is hoogleraar Ondernemingsrecht aan Nyenrode Business Universiteit.

Ronald Jeurissen
Prof. dr. R. Jeurissen is hoogleraar bedrijfsethiek aan Nyenrode Business Universiteit.

Renske Mackor
Mr. R. Mackor is officier van justitie bij het Landelijk Parket.