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Aflevering 2, 2014 Alle samenvattingen uitklappen
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Artikel

De bestrijding van voedselfraude in Nederland

Trefwoorden NVWA-IOD, food fraud, food industry, food laundering, criminal cases
Auteurs K.E. Gussow en L.H. Kuiper
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    Food fraud has recently been recognized as a blind spot among regulators. In Europe, few organizations have experience with large cases of food fraud; also scientific knowledge into this type of crime is limited. This article aims to contribute experience to this gap. The NVWA-IOD is a specialist crime unit in the Netherlands, carrying out criminal investigations into, among other things, food fraud. This article gives insight into numbers of cases dealt with by the NVWA-IOD in the past fifteen years, for different types of food fraud. Nine criminal cases, concentrating on suspects within trade and industry, are analyzed in more detail from a basic criminological perspective. There is looked into, among other things, the motive, the opportunity and the product. The cases discussed relate to products such as meat, eggs, fish and dairy products. The main motive for committing food fraud is making money; the gain makes fraudulent activities attractive and financially beneficial. Opportunities refer mainly to ambiguous laws and regulations and little supervision. Also, evasive behavior was found. To combat food crime, specialist knowledge of tempting opportunities is essential.


K.E. Gussow
Dr. Karen Gussow is als senior inspecteur verbonden aan de Inlichtingen- en Opsporingsdienst (IOD) van de Nederlandse Voedsel- en Warenautoriteit (NVWA).

L.H. Kuiper
Loes Kuiper studeerde af aan de Hogeschool Van Hall Larenstein te Leeuwarden en loopt stage bij de Inlichtingen- en Opsporingsdienst (IOD) van de Nederlandse Voedsel- en Warenautoriteit (NVWA).
Artikel

Kwetsbaarheid voor voedselfraude in de vleessector

Trefwoorden food fraud, meat sector, melamine scandal, adulterants, food analysing techniques
Auteurs S. van Ruth en W. Huisman
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    Food fraud is as old as mankind but has advanced in the last decades. Fraud regarding the gross composition of food has progressed in the direction of the addition of unconventional adulterants. Furthermore, consumers are more and more interested in how and where their foods are produced and pay price premiums for organic foods, fair trade, animal welfare considering, and sustainable food products. Since these products are very similar to their conventional counterparts in terms of composition, they provide an additional challenge. The knowledge regarding occurrence, type of meat fraud, causes and damage caused to the sector is limited. There is a need for extensive identification of the vulnerabilities and criminogenic factors. These insights offer leads for detection and prevention. The article deals with a first step into the inventory of these vulnerabilities and factors affecting meat fraud, by assessing fraud risks related to products, companies and the meat supply chain.


S. van Ruth
Prof. dr. ir. Saskia van Ruth is als hoogleraar Voedselauthenticiteit verbonden aan de Food Quality and Design Group en het Rikilt – Instituut voor Voedselveiligheid van de Universiteit Wageningen.

W. Huisman
Prof. dr. mr. Wim Huisman is hoogleraar Criminologie aan de Faculteit Rechtsgeleerdheid van de Vrije Universiteit te Amsterdam.
Artikel

Zwarte kaviaar

Over criminele netwerken, illegale handel en de bedreiging van de steur

Trefwoorden black caviar, Caspian Sea, sturgeon population, illegal fishing, illegal trading
Auteurs D. Siegel en D. van Uhm
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    The trade in caviar has a rich and colorful history, influenced over thousands of years by many cultures, societies and in the last decades by regulation. Based on qualitative research, including literature, media analysis and interviews, this article presents the first preliminary results of the authors’ ongoing research. The value of caviar is historically discovered in the context of social change, political relationships and environmental change and the role of organized crime is described, as the scarcity of caviar has offered the unique opportunity to fish illegally, smuggle and trade contraband to mainly European countries with millions in profits. Although due to overexploitation ‘wild caviar’ is increasingly difficult to obtain, the demand in the context of exclusivity and scarcity remains intact by the upper class society desire for edible gold.


D. Siegel
Prof. dr. Dina Siegel is als hoogleraar Criminologie verbonden aan het Willem Pompe Instituut van de Universiteit Utrecht.

D. van Uhm
Drs. Daan van Uhm is als promovendus en junior universitair docent werkzaam bij het Willem Pompe Instituut van de Universiteit Utrecht.
Artikel

Illegale pesticiden en voedselcriminaliteit

Trefwoorden illegal pesticides, organized crime, counterfeit, parallel trading arrangements, food crime
Auteurs Ch.I. Sambrook
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    Counterfeiting is a major worldwide crime problem and one with demonstrable links to organized criminality. The production and distribution of fake plant protection products is no exception, the proliferation of such products within the European Union owing much to the abuse of parallel trading arrangements and the high profit, low risk opportunity it presents to organized crime groups. It is also a particularly insidious crime; these chemicals are untested and unapproved for use and they pose a serious economic, environmental and human health threat. Of particular concern is the potential for residues from illegal pesticides to persist in harvested crops to then be found in foodstuffs. It is argued that this should be regarded as a food crime.


Ch.I. Sambrook
Christopher Ian Sambrook, MSc is ruraal criminoloog. Hij is als onderzoeker verbonden aan de Harper Adams University in Shropshire in het Verenigd Koninkrijk. Hij is tevens technisch adviseur van het Thames Valley Police Operation Silo Initiative, gericht op het vergaren van inlichtingen over deze specifieke vorm van fraude en met name de mogelijke banden met de georganiseerde misdaad. E-mail: csambrook@harper-adams.ac.uk.
Artikel

Naar een Europese aanpak van voedselfraude

Trefwoorden food fraud, European Parliament, EP Resolution on food fraud, crisis in the food chain, horse meat
Auteurs J.A. van den Akker en E.M.R. de Lange
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    Have recent food fraud cases, combined with a lack of priority and regulatory framework for combating food fraud and increased involvement of organized crime, caused a crisis of the European food chain? To what extent does this necessitate a European response? This article argues that the crisis in consumer confidence caused by cross-border fraud must be urgently addressed at national and EU level and that combating food fraud should be a priority next to the enforcement of food safety rules. Necessary changes of EU rules applicable to the sector and its controls should be made through the EU decision-making process. The European Parliament recommends an approach that should define food fraud to enable the development of EU policy, facilitate cross-border cooperation and information-sharing between member states and encourage sector initiatives, whereas its enforcement should focus on altering the type of controls by public authorities and installing tougher penalties.


J.A. van den Akker
Mr. Joost van den Akker, MA is beleidsmedewerker Europees Parlement voor de fractie van de Europese Volkspartij (EVP).

E.M.R. de Lange
Esther de Lange, MA is lid van het Europees Parlement. Zij maakt namens het CDA deel uit van de fractie van de Europese Volkspartij (EVP).
Artikel

De rol van Europol in de strijd tegen voedselcriminaliteit

Trefwoorden food crime, counterfeit, Europol, counterfeit wine, international police cooperation
Auteurs Ch. Vansteenkiste en T. Schotte
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    Food fraud can be seen as a form of counterfeit, which has increased globally because of technological developments. The authors, both working for the European Union police agency Europol, give several examples of the involvement of organized crime groups in food fraud. They describe the cooperation between Europol in its coordinating role with various national police forces in tracing food crime and arresting the perpetrators. Also the involvement of the European Union agencies Eurojust and Frontex in special operations like OPSON to unmask illegal trade in counterfeit foodstuff are described.


Ch. Vansteenkiste
Chris Vansteenkiste is werkzaam als projectmanager bij de Dienst Namaak van het Serious and Organised Crime Department Europol. Europol (European Police Agency) is een EU-agentschap gevestigd in Den Haag.

T. Schotte
Tamara Schotte is projectmanager van het SOCTA 2013 en leidt de strategische-analyseafdeling van het Serious and Organised Crime Department, Europol.
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