Samenvatting

Both white-collar research and law enforcement tend to focus on the circumstances surrounding the white-collar offence and pay less attention to the background of the offender. Research shows that white-collar offenders are a heterogeneous group and that different development pathways and offender profiles can be identified. For many offenders the offence appears to be an isolated occurrence in norm conform lives, for others patterns in offending can be distinguished. For some this is a divers and long criminal career, others display a mix of norm conform and deviant behaviour. After briefly exploring if an underlying tendency for deviant and risk full behaviour may characterise white-collar offenders and how this may interact with opportunities for white-collar crime, the significance of these findings for law enforcement is discussed.