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Recht der Werkelijkheid

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Aflevering 2, 2020 Alle samenvattingen uitklappen
Redactioneel

(Ruim) veertig jaar Recht der Werkelijkheid: verleden, heden en toekomst

Auteurs Dr. Nienke Doornbos en Dr. Paulien de Winter
Auteursinformatie

Dr. Nienke Doornbos
Nienke Doornbos is universitair docent Rechtssociologie aan de Faculteit Rechtsgeleerdheid van de Universiteit van Amsterdam. Haar onderzoek richt zich onder meer op beroepsethische kwesties bij juridische beroepen.

Dr. Paulien de Winter
Paulien de Winter is universitair docent Empirisch Juridisch Onderzoek bij de Faculteit Rechtsgeleerdheid aan de Rijksuniversiteit in Groningen. Zij doet onderzoek naar hoe uitvoerende medewerkers omgaan met regels.
Artikel

Access_open Het effect van een pro Justitia-rapportage op de bewijsbeslissing: een empirische verkenning

Trefwoorden Pro Justitia, Guilt, Conviction, Forensic mental health report
Auteurs Roosmarijn van Es MSc., Dr. Janne van Doorn, Prof. dr. Jan de Keijser e.a.
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    A forensic mental health report is requested in about 30% of more serious cases presented to the criminal court. These reports can be used at sentencing and advise the judge on criminal responsibility, recidivism risk, and possible treatment measures, but is not a formal factor in decisions about guilt. The current study focuses on the (unwarranted) effect of forensic mental health information on conviction decisions. Using an experimental vignette study among 155 criminology students, results show that when a mental disorder is present, conviction rates are higher than when such information is absent. In line with the story model of judicial decision-making, additional analyses showed that this effect was mediated by the evaluation of guilt rather than by the evaluation of other physical evidence. Implications for further research and practice are discussed.


Roosmarijn van Es MSc.
Roosmarijn van Es is promovenda bij het Instituut voor Strafrecht en Criminologie aan Universiteit Leiden. Haar onderzoek richt zich op de rol van informatie in pro Justitia-rapportages in rechterlijke beslissingen over bewijs en straf.

Dr. Janne van Doorn
Janne van Doorn is universitair docent bij het Instituut voor Strafrecht en Criminologie aan Universiteit Leiden.

Prof. dr. Jan de Keijser
Jan de Keijser is hoogleraar Criminologie bij het Instituut voor Strafrecht en Criminologie aan Universiteit Leiden.

Prof. dr. mr. Maarten Kunst
Maarten Kunst is hoogleraar Criminologie bij het Instituut voor Strafrecht en Criminologie aan Universiteit Leiden.
Artikel

Gelijkebehandelingswetgeving en identiteitsgebonden benoemingsbeleid van orthodox-protestantse scholen

Onzekerheid over consistentie en het enkele feit

Trefwoorden Equal treatment / anti-discrimination, Orthodox-protestant schools, Religious norms, Semi-autonomous social fields, Uncertainty
Auteurs Mr. dr. Niels Rijke
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    Within orthodox-protestant schools in The Netherlands there is growing diversity and uncertainty about internal religious, cultural and social norms. Though orthodox-protestant schools are among the strongest semi-autonomous social fields, where it is difficult for equal treatment law to pervade, this growing diversity and uncertainty about internal norms can make this pervasion possible. The uncertainty about the meaning of the exception clause in equal treatment legislation for the appointment policy of religious schools also affects this.
    Because of the uncertainty about the meaning of the exception clause the position of the school board was strengthened in comparison to the employee, even though the intention of the equal treatment law was the opposite. At a later stage the clarification of the anti-discrimination norm by changing the exception clause has strengthened the position of the employee. Though this is only possible when religious, cultural and social norms are changing. In that case orthodox-protestant schools, as semi-autonomous fields, are more open for the effects of this legal norm.
    Uncertainty about the meaning of the requirement of a consistent appointment policy has led both to tightening as well as relaxation of the policy. In the first place tightening or relaxation of policies depends on the development of religious, cultural and social norms within different school denominations. Thus, uncertainty about internal norms works both contrary as well as strengthening to uncertainty about equal treatment legislation.


Mr. dr. Niels Rijke
Niels Rijke was van 2015 tot 2019 als buitenpromovendus verbonden aan de Universiteit Utrecht en voerde hij onderzoek uit naar identiteitsgebonden benoemingsbeleid ten aanzien van personeel op orthodox-protestantse basis- en middelbare scholen in Nederland in relatie tot mensenrechten.
Forum

mE=rR2

Twee vliegen in één klap?

Auteurs dr. Albert Klijn
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    In this contribution, the authors enter into a debate on the innovation The Netherlands Council for the Judiciary made quite recently, promoting social effective justice (maatschappelijk effectieve rechtspraak;to English readers more familiar under the label of ‘Problem solving courts’).
    Klijn has quite serious doubts about this strategy. First of all: the judge is not - and never has been - a problem solver, as (a) the judge lacks the competences to do so and (b) the structure of legal procedure falls fundamentally short of this task. Secondly, in our contemporary society other professionals are in charge of intervening in social conflicts, and they are much better positioned to do so, at the appropriate moment in time. Thirdly, in making this choice the Council misunderstands its role as the Third State Power, vis-a-vis the much greater influence of changing societal conditions stimulating societal changes.


dr. Albert Klijn
Albert Klijn is rechtssocioloog en voormalig wetenschappelijk adviseur van de Raad voor de rechtspraak (2002-2011).

    Hartendorp emphasizes in his contribution that a judge is a decision-maker bound by the law. He agrees with Klijn that this position makes it difficult to act as a problem solver. However, this does not alter the fact that, in order to act effectively, a judge must have a dual orientation on the conflict and the dispute between the parties. The Judiciary can only increase its social effectiveness if it manages to bring about a synthesis between its classic decisive task and an orientation aimed at effectiveness.


Prof. mr. Rogier Hartendorp
Rogier Hartendorp is senior rechter in de Rechtbank Den Haag, team handel, en bijzonder hoogleraar Maatschappelijke effectiviteit van de rechtspleging aan de Universiteit Leiden.
Recensies en signalementen

Twee perspectieven op rechterlijke besluitvorming

Auteurs mr.dr. André Verburg
Auteursinformatie

mr.dr. André Verburg
André Verburg is staatsraad bij de Afdeling bestuursrechtspraak van de Raad van State en verbonden aan de Universiteit Utrecht / het Montaigne Centrum voor Rechtsstaat en Rechtspleging. In 2019 is hij gepromoveerd op Bestuursrechtspraak in balans. Bejegening, beslechting en bewijs (diss. Utrecht), Den Haag: Boom juridisch (Verburg 2019), een proefschrift waarin de verhouding tussen procedurele rechtvaardigheid en de procedure bij de rechter wordt doordacht.
Werk in uitvoering

Herstelrecht op het terrein van verkeersongevallen.

Trefwoorden restorative justice, motor vehicle accidents, victimology, personal injury settlement
Auteurs Iris Becx MSc
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    Those involved in a motor vehicle accident often have emotional needs that are not being met within the current framework of personal injury settlement. These needs include sharing one’s (side of the) story, getting in touch with the other person(s) involved and offering or receiving apologies. Following Nils Christie’s theory of ‘stolen’ conflicts, the fact that the people involved are often represented by lawyers or insurance companies is problematic because it alienates them from each other and it thwarts proper recovery. Incorporating restorative justice could offer a solution to this ‘theft’ of conflict, as it focuses on bringing all involved together to restore any of the harm done by concentrating on their needs. The central question to this dissertation is: how can restorative justice play a role in the sustainable resolution of conflicts after motor vehicle accidents so that the current insurance and liability system can better meet the immaterial needs of victims and perpetrators? Via several projects, the role of lawyers and insurance companies is studied. How beneficial or adversarial are their influences on victims and offenders? And can they incorporate restorative justice in their practice? The first publication is expected at the end of this year.


Iris Becx MSc
Iris Becx is victimoloog en is promovenda aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU) en het Nederlands Studiecentrum Criminaliteit en Rechtshandhaving (NSCR). Ze volgde de masterstudie Victimology and Criminal Justice aan Tilburg University.

    This article collects publications in this journal about the emergence and effects of legislation. It covers the developments and results of research of the last four decades. First it is concluded that there has been considerable attention to the subject. Second a clear broadening and (theoretical) deepening from different perspectives can be observed. Social-legal research of legislation also appears to have specific characteristics. Subsequently, various points of attention are pointed out, such as more attention to the relationship between legal characteristics and effects, more variation in research methods and more systematic theory-driven research. Finally, attention is drawn to the relationship between (the working of) legislation and social transformations such as globalization, digitization and the increasing and profound influence of social media in society.


Bert Niemeijer
Bert Niemeijer is rector van de Academies voor Wetgeving en Overheidsjuristen in Den Haag en bijzonder hoogleraar Empirische Rechtssociologie aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Hij is lid en voorzitter van de redactie geweest en is op dit moment lid van de redactieraad.
Discussie

‘Let op! Hier wordt gehandhaafd’

Handhavingsonderzoek in vier decennia Recht der Werkelijkheid

Auteurs Marc Hertogh
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    Because of the sharp contrast between the law-in-the-books and the law-in-action regulatory enforcement has always been a popular subject in socio-legal research. This paper looks back at forty years of Dutch research on regulatory enforcement, using several key publications in this journal from each decade. First, it is argued that these Dutch studies reveal three general themes: this research can be seen as a time machine that takes us back to some of the most important social and political events of the past decades, these studies emphasize the crucial role of individual enforcement officials, and in everyday enforcement state law only plays a limited role. Next, this review also discusses some of the strengths and weaknesses of Dutch research. Most studies on regulatory enforcement are more interested in the role of the state than in the role of citizens and businesses. As a result, research focuses more on issues of effectiveness and less on questions of legitimacy. Finally, empirical research is seen as more important than theory development. Based on this overview, the author introduces a new research agenda for future research on regulatory enforcement.


Marc Hertogh
Marc Hertogh is hoogleraar Rechtssociologie aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. Hij was eerder redactiesecretaris en redactielid van Recht der Werkelijkheid en is sinds 2020 voorzitter van de redactieraad.
Discussie

Rechtspleging in Recht der Werkelijkheid

Popper is niet blij, maar het is feest

Auteurs Leny de Groot-van Leeuwen
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    The paper highlights the contributions on judges and courts published in Recht der Werkelijkheid from 1980-2020. It addresses three general themes, namely communication in court, the consumers of the law and the professionals of the law, in view of the objective of the journal.
    The authors of the contributions, newcomers as well as well-known experienced researchers, come from different kind of branches like anthropology, psychology, sociology and history, utilizing quite different approaches, methodologies and theories. They elaborate on each other’s work, methods, empirical findings and theoretical insights, in order to develop new research questions or to conduct research in different contexts. Although the critical-rational ideas of Popper has no many followers among the authors, lessons can be learned for policy makers, judges, lawyers and academics. By bringing the authors together, the journal has made an invaluable contribution to the debate among socio-legal researchers in the Netherlands.


Leny de Groot-van Leeuwen
Leny de Groot-van Leeuwen is emeritus hoogleraar Rechtspleging en sinds 1995 verbonden aan de Radboud Universiteit te Nijmegen. Zij was eerder redactiesecretaris en redactielid van Recht der Werkelijkheid en tot medio 2020 voorzitter van de redactieraad.
Discussie

‘Access to Justice’ en rechtshulpverlening.

Over de voortschrijdende rechtssociologische benadering van de rechtshulpverlening in de lage landen

Auteurs Prof. Dr. Jean Van Houtte en Prof. Dr. Bernard Hubeau
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    This contribution puts the developments of the socio-legal approach of access to justice and legal aid in the low countries (Belgium and the Netherlands) in a broad perspective. During the last 40 years, the journal has dealt with some general problems, related to the accessibility of justice and legal aid and the effects of legislation in that field. Some important differences between het Belgian and the Dutch situation are highlighted. Although the general situation has not changed dramatically in both countries, some improvements have been achieved, e.g. when it comes to the so called “social legal aid”. Still, a better and more equal access to justice has to be promoted and realised.


Prof. Dr. Jean Van Houtte
Jean Van Houtte is emeritus hoogleraar Rechtssociologie aan de Universiteit Antwerpen. Hij is op dit moment lid van de redactieraad.

Prof. Dr. Bernard Hubeau
Bernard Hubeau is emeritus hoogleraar Rechtssociologie aan de Universiteit Antwerpen en gastdocent aan de Vrije Universiteit Brussel. Hij is op dit moment lid van de redactieraad.

    From day one of the journal Recht der Werkelijkheid (Journal of Living Law) the Legal Anthropology was welcomed. What once started as the jurisprudential study on Folk Law on the one hand and the cultural anthropological study of law on the other hand, evolved into an intensive collaboration among the researchers. Even more intensive under the subject Legal Pluralism. The legal anthropological studies extended over the years to subjects closer to the First World legal practices, i.e. the studies of social groups like the one on migrants. Under the concept of semi autonomous social fields many contributions on cultural versus legal norms were published. Later on, the legal anthropological expertise that sustained the comparative studies for international and supranational law was welcomed. The article thus shows that the journal provided room for the socio legal studies of law practices in other continents, expanded to those of other continents in the home continent as well as to those in all continents.


Agnes Schreiner
Agnes Schreiner was tot de AOW-gerechtigde leeftijd universitair docent en wetenschappelijk onderzoeker bij de Afdeling Algemene rechtsleer, Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid van de Universiteit van Amsterdam. Tegenwoordig is ze als gastonderzoeker aan dezelfde afdeling en faculteit verbonden. Ze was van 1985-1999 redactielid en van 1989-1995 tevens redactiesecretaris van Recht der Werkelijkheid. In 2007 trad ze toe tot de redactieraad van RdW.
Discussie

Van big five naar high five?

Plaats en invloed van de rechtssociologische hoogleraren aan de Nederlandse juridische faculteiten

Trefwoorden Rechtssociologie, Juridische opleidingen, Eén inleiding voor studenten, Samenwerking tussen hoogleraren, Sociaal wetenschappelijk onderzoek
Auteurs Prof. Mr Nick Huls
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    In From big five to high five the author analyzes the developments of sociology of law at the law faculties in the Netherlands since the 1970ies until today. Focusing on the professors (‘chairs’) he argues that after a strong start with five prominent scholars the discipline is now placed in the periphery of the law curriculum. Sociology of law is ‘intellectually strong, but institutionally weak’.
    The author encourages the present generation professors (‘chairs’) to cooperate more. He claims that writing one modern Dutch Introduction to Sociology of law is crucial to win the hearts and minds of the law students. Furthermore, he suggests that collaborative research projects contributes to the visibility of sociology of law in policy arenas and public debates.


Prof. Mr Nick Huls
Nick Huls is emeritus hoogleraar rechtssociologie aan de Erasmus Universiteit en de Universiteit Leiden. Van 2001 tot 2006 was hij lid van de redactie van Recht der Werkelijkheid. Zijn huidige onderzoeksbelangstellingen zijn de schuldenproblematiek tijdens corona, vechtscheidingen en probleemoplossende rechtspraak.