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Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit

Meer op het gebied van Criminologie en veiligheid

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Aflevering 2, 2013 Alle samenvattingen uitklappen
Artikel

Veiligheid in een laatmoderne cultuur

Trefwoorden security culture, neoliberalism, neoconservatism, liquid policy
Auteurs Dr. mr. Marc Schuilenburg en Prof. dr. René van Swaaningen
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    This introduction aims to position the present-day ‘liquid’ security culture in the context of cultural and political developments. Key-words in the cultural patterns in which the new ‘liquid policy’ and ‘new toughness’ is embedded are fear, precaution, late modern anomie and a social hypochondria towards everything that deviates from one’s ‘own’ culture and identity. These cultural phenomena have been translated in political terms, that are divided into neoliberal and neoconservative tendencies. The neoliberal turn in safety politics have resulted in a depoliticisation of democratic decision making, a desolidarisation of ideas on community safety and a deregulation of safety policies. Neoconservative tendencies are reflected in a resentment towards ‘the elites’, ‘the underclass’ and foreigners and a punitive populism, in which claims for stiffer sentences are continuously swept up, regardless of the effect they may have.


Dr. mr. Marc Schuilenburg
Dr. mr. Marc Schuilenburg doceert aan de sectie Strafrecht en Criminologie van de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Website: www.marcschuilenburg.nl. E-mail: m.b.schuilenburg@vu.nl.

Prof. dr. René van Swaaningen
Prof. dr. René van Swaaningen is hoogleraar internationale en comparatieve criminologie aan de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, wetenschappelijk directeur van de Erasmus Graduate School of Law en voorzitter van de Nederlandse Vereniging voor Criminologie. E-mail: vanswaaningen@law.eur.nl.
Artikel

De Nederlandse veiligheidscultuur als katalysator voor etnisch profileren?

Trefwoorden ethnic profiling, policing, culture of control, stereotyping
Auteurs Mr. dr. Maartje van der Woude en Prof. dr. Joanne van der Leun
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    Over the past couple of decades, the Netherlands unmistakably has developed into a Garlandian style culture of control. A distinct feature of this Dutch culture of control is the increasing interconnectedness between crime and migration in both public and political discourse. As a result of the growing urge to control potential dangerous others, various stop & search powers have been implemented. Besides by their proactive nature, these powers are defined by the fact that they give a fair amount of discretion to individual police officers in deciding who to stop. In this article, while drawing on criminological, sociological and social psychological literature on stereotyping and the rise of a crime complex, the authors will argue that the structural and cultural changes fuelling the emergence of a the typical Dutch culture of control might also affect the individual choices made by police officers in such a way that it fosters ethnic profiling.


Mr. dr. Maartje van der Woude
Mr. dr. Maartje van der Woude is universitair docent criminologie en verbonden aan het Instituut voor Strafrecht & Criminologie van de Universiteit Leiden. Email: m.a.h.vanderwoude@law.leidenuniv.nl

Prof. dr. Joanne van der Leun
Prof. dr. Joanne van der Leun is hoogleraar criminologie en verbonden aan het Instituut voor Strafrecht & Criminologie van de Universiteit Leiden. Email: j.p.vanderleun@law.leidenuniv.nl
Artikel

Onveiligheid als stedelijkheidsfobie

Angst en onmacht in de hygiënische stad

Trefwoorden disorder, perception of crime and disorder, urbanism, public familiarity
Auteurs Bas van Stokkom
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    This article suggests that fears and concerns about disorder and crime are connected with urbanophobia, i.e. a low willingness to identify with public space and a certain incapacity to recognize deviancy and give it a place in one’s mind map. For this reason many citizens may not develop public familiarity. At the same time it is argued that tackling urban disorder is often necessary but not for reasons that proponents of repression and zero tolerance think. Current crime and disorder policies bring forth many counterproductive results, including increased fear and powerlessness. It seems more reasonable to combat disorder to undo the ‘situational normality’ of persistent forms of anti-social behaviour. For many citizens this signals a restoration of expected peaceful interaction.


Bas van Stokkom
Dr. Bas van Stokkom is verbonden aan het Criminologisch Instituut van de Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid van de Radboud Universiteit en aan de afdeling bestuurswetenschap & politicologie van de Faculteit der Sociale Wetenschappen van de Vrije Universiteit te Amsterdam. Email: b.a.m.van.stokkom@vu.nl
Artikel

Het temmen van de toekomst

Van een veiligheids- naar een risicocultuur

Trefwoorden timescape, risk governance, Dutch security culture, historicization
Auteurs Prof. dr. Beatrice de Graaf
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    By introducing the historical concept of timescapes, we will investigate the transformation of a security to a risk culture in Dutch post war history. We will test Ulrich Beck’s paradigm of the risk society with respect to the Dutch policy arena, and we will analyze what drove this postulated transformation in the Netherlands. In the Netherlands, not the 1970s/1980s, but the 1990s saw the onset of this change. Concrete trigger moments and the rise of a new populist movement around 1999 signalled the beginning of this new mode of risk governance that was consolidated after 2001. With this description, an attempt to historicize the development of an all encompassing national security culture is provided.


Prof. dr. Beatrice de Graaf
Prof. dr. Beatrice de Graaf is hoogleraar conflict en veiligheid in historisch perspectief aan de Universiteit Leiden. E-mail: b.a.de.graaf@cdh.leidenuniv.nl.
Artikel

De securitisering voorbij?

Een beschouwing over de toekomstige ontwikkeling van het Nederlandse veiligheidsbeleid

Trefwoorden securitization, policymaking, network society, trust and control
Auteurs Hans Boutellier
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    It seems common knowledge among criminologists that our societies have to be understood in terms of securitization. This means that security is the defining and organizing concept in (social) policy making. In the Netherlands the process of securitization can be characterized as rather contingent. According to the author, it can be typified as ‘pragmatic securitization’. It is driven by the desire to show decisiveness and being in control of complexity of social order, rather than by ideology. Under the pressure of the economic crisis there is a growing interest in self-organization, civic power and civil society. These themes emerge along the issues of security and control. Is it possible then that security is exchanged by another big social theme?


Hans Boutellier
Prof. dr. Hans Boutellier is algemeen directeur van het Verwey-Jonker Instituut en bijzonder hoogleraar veiligheid & burgerschap aan de VU Amsterdam. Email: hboutellier@verwey-jonker.nl
Discussie

Hoezo veiligheidscultuur? Het aantal gedetineerden daalt alleen maar…

Trefwoorden prison rates, penal climate, tolerance, rehabilitation
Auteurs Prof. mr. Miranda Boone
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    Until approximately 1995, the Netherlands had a very low prison rate compared to the surrounding countries. David Downes, who made a comparison between the Dutch and the British penal policy, choose as a title for his book: Contrasts in Tolerance. He attributed the differences between England & Wales and the Netherlands, partly to the tolerant culture in the Netherlands compared to England & Wales (Downes, 1985: 69 e.v.). What exactly did he mean by tolerance in this context and in how far can this characteristic of Dutch penal policy explain the recent downfall of the Dutch prison population.


Prof. mr. Miranda Boone
Prof. dr. Miranda Boone is universitair hoofddocent straf(proces)recht en criminologie bij het Willem Pompe Instituut van de Universiteit Utrecht en bijzonder hoogleraar penitentiair recht en penologie aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. E-mail: m.m.boone@uu.nl.
Boekbespreking

‘Panta rhei!’ Een dynamisch perspectief op verandering in veiligheidszorg

Trefwoorden security, Foucault, Deleuze, assemblage
Auteurs Prof. dr. Willem de Haan
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    Order in Security. A Dynamic Perspective (Schuilenburg 2012) is a theoretical and empirical study of self-organizing processes of change taking place within what the author calls ‘security assemblages’. In this review, the study is favorably evaluated as a form of empirical philosophy and praised for usefully introducing French philosophy into the field of security studies. In terms of empirical sociological research, however, the study is more critically reviewed as offering little insight into the perceptions, emotions, interpretations and meanings that actors assign to their conduct in this field.


Prof. dr. Willem de Haan
Prof. dr. Willem de Haan is als senior research fellow verbonden aan de afdeling strafrecht & criminologie van de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. E-mail: w.j.m.de.haan@vu.nl.
Artikel

Access_open David Garland

Trefwoorden David Garland, securitization, Durkheim, resistance
Auteurs Mr. dr. Marc Schuilenburg
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    In this interview with Marc Schuilenburg David Garland discusses the development of his ideas in his work, from Punishment and Welfare (1985) to Punishment and Modern Society (1990), and from The Culture of Control (2001) to Peculiar Institution (2010). Garland explains his view on the role of ideology in relation to punishment and the influence of Émile Durkheim on his work. He discusses the misreading of The Culture of Control by arguing that where most people focus on the punitive turn in the fight against criminality, the preventive turn is of much greater importance. Moreover he talks about the possibility of resistance against the process of securitization and elaborates on his new project on the welfare state.


Mr. dr. Marc Schuilenburg
Mr. dr. Marc Schuilenburg is docent bij de sectie Criminologie van de Vrije Universiteit te Amsterdam. Website: www.marcschuilenburg.nl. E-mail: m.b.schuilenburg@vu.nl.

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