Professionals from various organisations within Dutch local governments are working together in an integrated-personalized-approach in order to prevent disturbing and criminal behavior in multi problem young adults. The Startbaan study, which focused on the collaboration within such local integrated-approaches, shows that multidisciplinary collaboration is hard to reach because of the amount and versatility of organisations involved as well as the complexity of problems in multi problem young adults. Results from the Startbaan study combined with findings from literature show that a functional mix of organizational conditions and specific professional abilities is needed in order to work together successfully.

Luc Vanheeswijck summarizes the current position of tax mediation in Belgium and outlines the differences between the Belgian and Dutch mediation method in fiscal matters. He also outlines the differences between mediation in tax matters and ‘classic’ mediation. He concludes that Belgian tax mediation is not mediation as is commonly understood. The article closes on a description of the results of de ‘Fiscale Bemiddelingsdienst’ (the Fiscal Mediation Service).

Op 6 februari 2020 vond in Amsterdam ter gelegenheid van de verschijning van het boek Diversiteit in de Van der Heijden-reeks een symposium plaats. De sprekers hebben elk een ander aspect van het overkoepelende thema diversiteit belicht. In deze bijdrage bespreekt de auteur in hoofdlijnen hun voordrachten.

The proposed Act on Citizenship Education requires fundamental reflection from several angles. The article provides a perspective from remarks describing the current age and a possible list of values for a democratic state. Important is also the perspective from educational freedom, on which topic several publications from the Onderwijsraad were issued in December 2019. The proposed Act (with the different versions of its explanation by the Minister) are critically evaluated and confronted with an alternative proposal.

In order to improve the effectiveness of offender supervision many studies have been conducted into risk factors for delinquency. Evidence was found that debts and crime are interrelated. However, understanding of potential underlying risk factors in this relationship is limited. Results of an analysis of client files (N=250) show that debts among probation clients are highly prevalent and problems with respect to education, work and mental and physical health seem to be important underlying factors in the relationship between debts and crime. In addition, interviews were conducted with both probation workers (N=33) and clients (N=16) to get insight into the possibilities to adequately support clients with regard to debts in order to stimulate successful resocialization. Results underline the importance of paying attention to possible underlying factors to effectively supervise clients.

De wens om te komen tot maatschappelijk effectieve(re) rechtspraak domineert de agenda voor de (civiele) rechtspleging. Er wordt door de gerechten volop geëxperimenteerd met varianten die hiertoe kunnen bijdragen. In een onderzoek van het Montaigne Centrum van de Universiteit Utrecht en de KU Leuven is de praktijk van de vrederechter in Frankrijk en België in kaart gebracht. In deze bijdrage geven de onderzoekers een samenvatting van het onderzoek en de resultaten. Zij zien mogelijkheden de toegankelijkheid en laagdrempeligheid van de eerstelijnsrechtspraak in Nederland te verbeteren: organiseer rechtspraak dichter bij de burger en laat de kantonrechter de rol van nabijheidsrechter vervullen.

This contribution reports on a delimited part of a larger, exploratory study, the main question of which was: How do aldermen perceive threats, what are their behavioral intentions and what is the influence of threats on the process and the outcome of decision-making? This question was answered with the help of Q methodology, semi structured interviews and case studies. This article discusses the results of the case studies and semi structured interviews on the impact of threats on decision-making. In two of the investigated cases (N=3) there are indications that the threats affect the decision-making process. The first case involves risk-avoiding behavior. In the second case there is a stronger conviction and hardening of opinions. There are no indications that threats affect the outcome of the decision-making process. The political administrative system that we have in the Netherlands is able to counteract improper influence. This is due to various elements in the system such as the boldness and the results-focused attitude of civil service (case 1) and the mayor and aldermen (case 2 and 3) and the design of the rules and procedures (case 1, 2 and 3).

The Dutch youth policy limits itself to children who have or cause problems. Our Youth Law is even only related to youth care.
The consequences are disastrous: the results are extremely poor, especially in comparison with other countries. Scandinavian and Eastern European countries have a comprehensive infrastructure to offer children a useful, relaxed and pleasant leisure time. The motto of these leisure time organisations is inclusion. They choose for dilution (some criminal or civil law children are placed together with normal children), while we organise compaction of the problems (we put them all together in one institution).
The Netherlands prefers an unbalanced youth policy, where anything has been professionalized, whereby we look at children through worrying glasses. We do not see chances for development, but worrisome developments.
Politicians do not want to be informed about a better solution. They are consciously incompetent. Criminal law should look at that situation.

In this article Emese von Bóné discusses the main findings of a Netherlands research (report) into the origin and functioning of the Belgian justice de paix and the French juge de proximité, the successor of the French justice de paix. The report also provides avenues how this type of adjudication could be implemented in the Dutch administration of justice.

Crises and disasters can seriously affect the health, well-being and functioning of the people involved. From a governance perspective, it is important that public leaders and crisis managers are aware of what the psychosocial dimension of crisis management entails. The objective of the current contribution is to analyse dilemmas and challenges described in evaluations of crises that occurred in the Netherlands between 2012 and 2016. Thirty-six evaluations were analysed against the background of a theoretical framework combining crisis leadership tasks and psychosocial support principles along the crisis life cycle. Public leaders and crisis managers had to deal with classical crisis problems concerning coordination, collaboration and communication. Other recurring themes were linked to social media, and the tension between tasks such as meaning making (social recognition), account giving and learning. Moreover, the analysis illustrates how difficult it is to gain insight into the needs, problems and vulnerabilities of the individuals and groups affected.

In the past five years, the Council of State, the National Ombudsman and several academics have criticized the way in which new legislation has been made. In their view, principles of law and the rule of law are insufficiently uphold due to an instrumentalist view on law. This criticism urged the authors to conduct an empirical study into the question how legislative drafters deal with legislative plans which are problematic from a legal or rule of law point of view, and how they justify their role in the legislative process. This study is explorative and qualitative in nature. During the summer of 2018, 24 legislative lawyers from five different Dutch ministries have been interviewed. The results show that the role of legislative lawyers can best be characterized as constructively critical. As their tasks encompass much more than solely the actual drafting of legislation, they more and more resemble their colleagues from the policy department. The authors suggest that legislative lawyers should articulate their distinctive professional ethics in order to strengthen the checks and balances within the ministries.

The new Belgian law on collaborative conflict resolution installs a disqualification clause, which parties have to sign before starting the negotiations. If they cannot resolve their dispute, they agree to stop the negotiations in advance. What skills do the lawyers need to make collaborative conflict resolution a success?

Binnen het arbeidsrecht en meer specifiek het ontslagrecht, kent de zeevarende een aparte positie. In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op de verschillende manieren waarop de zee-arbeidsovereenkomst kan eindigen en wordt aandacht besteed aan het recht op repatriëring van de ontslagen zeevarende. Daarbij wordt een vergelijking gemaakt met het reguliere ontslagrecht.

Dit artikel gaat in op het belang van participatie in de energietransitie, de wijze waarop participatie thans is geïmplementeerd en beoordeeld wordt door de rechter, de nieuwe participatie-instrumenten zoals die worden voorgesteld in de Omgevingswet, de Klimaatwet en het Klimaatakkoord en een analyse van deze instrumenten.

Medische zorg is te beschouwen als een hoogkritisch proces, waarbij de belangen en risico’s voor zowel patiënt als zorgprofessional groot zijn en de zorgverleners geacht worden optimaal te presteren in een steeds complexere multidisciplinaire context. Het is dan ook relevant om te beschouwen welke factoren van invloed zijn op het presteren en falen in het medische domein. Dit artikel beoogt deze materie te belichten vanuit de optiek van het vakgebied Human Factors. Al ligt daarbij de focus op de zorg, ook een parallel met de rechtspraktijk wordt getrokken.

De Wet zorg en dwang (Wzd) vervangt op 1 januari 2020 de Wet Bopz als het gaat om mensen met een psychogeriatrische aandoening of een verstandelijke beperking. Minister De Jonge (VWS) heeft op 5 juli 2019 na uitvoerig overleg met het veld in een Kamerbrief kenbaar gemaakt dat 2020 een overgangsjaar wordt voor de Wzd. In dit artikel wordt de stand van zaken en de actuele inhoud van de Wzd besproken.

In the past twenty-five years, a lot of attention is paid to a more victim-aware and restorative justice focused policy in prisons in Belgium and The Netherlands, striving for a restorative culture and climate in the institutions (among prisoners and staff) and for more restorative practices like victim-awareness programs and mediation. The focus is primarily on the prison structure and culture, striving to create a more restorative prison culture and climate in the institutions. In this article we argue for a shift from this system-focused pursuit of ‘estorative detention’ to the restorative reintegration of prisoners at the individual level, and by this supporting their desistance from crime. We present a conceptual framework for restorative reintegration in and outside prison as a strengths-based approach, with attention to the structural and individual elements that supports their desistance from crime.

De groei van de inkomens- en welvaartsongelijkheid – samen ook wel als economische ongelijkheid aangeduid – wordt gezien als een van de grootste hedendaagse maatschappelijke problemen. Redistributie (herverdeling) van middelen, macht en risico’s kan de groei van economische ongelijkheid tegengaan. Dit artikel verkent de relatie tussen het Nederlandse arbeidsrecht en redistributie. Dit gebeurt door aan te haken bij de (internationale) discussie over de grondslagen van het arbeidsrecht. Op drie onderdelen van het arbeidsrecht wordt in dit kader dieper ingegaan: (1) collectieve arbeidsvoorwaardenvorming, (2) gelijke behandeling en (3) de regulering van atypische of flexibele arbeid. De auteur betoogt dat redistributie als een van de doelen van het arbeidsrecht gezien kan worden. Redistributie is sterk verbonden met ongelijkheidscompensatie, toch kan het onder omstandigheden nuttig zijn om de focus specifieker op redistributie te leggen.

In Circles of Support and Accountability (COSA) a group of trained and supervised volunteers support a medium to high-risk sex offender in his process of re-entry after detention. Sex offenders participate on a voluntary basis. Circles have a double aim: the prevention of new sexual offences and the rehabilitation of the sex offender. Circles offer social inclusion and support for behavior change, and monitor risk. They are embedded in the professional network of sex offender after care. Through a professional circle coordinator relevant information is circulated between the circle and professional agencies, to enable adequate support and interventions. Effect studies show that COSA contributes to a reduced risk of reoffending. The model was developed in Canada almost 25 years ago and has been picked up by a growing number of countries in Europe, the America’s, Asia, as well as Australia and New Zealand. Variations in the model become apparent and raise questions about the essentials of COSA.