Cannabis Social Clubs (CSCs) are a model of non-profit production and distribution of cannabis among a closed circuit of adult cannabis users. The CSC model can thus be seen as a middle-ground option between prohibition and full (legal) commercialization. Initially founded in Spain during the 1990s, this form of collectives has emerged elsewhere in Europe (notably in Belgium), mainly as a result of grassroots initiatives and self-regulation. Uruguay remains the only jurisdiction to have legalized and regulated the CSC model. This paper discusses the goals and practices of CSCs against the backdrop of the drug user movement. Our goal is to draw a comparison to other drug users’ organizations and to identify knowledge gaps to be addressed in future research into CSCs. In this analysis, we rely on a review of the relevant literature in this field and on preliminary findings from an ongoing study examining CSCs in Belgium. A preoccupation with reducing the harms associated with drug use seems to be an underlying guiding principle for CSCs and other drug users’ organizations, but further research into CSCs’ practices is needed to understand whether and how those are implemented. We found other common points between the broader drug user movement and the efforts of CSCs, both in terms of potential pitfalls and areas for positive impact. We suggest that the model warrants additional attention from both the research and policy-making community. |
Zoekresultaat: 80 artikelen
Artikel |
Cannabis Social Clubs through the lens of the drug user movement |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 2 2016 |
Trefwoorden | Cannabis Social Clubs, supply, cannabis policy, self-organization, drug user movement |
Auteurs | Mafalda Pardal MSc |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Artikel |
Becker’s theory on crime and punishment, a useful guide for law enforcement policy in The Netherlands? |
Tijdschrift | Recht der Werkelijkheid, Aflevering 1 2016 |
Trefwoorden | Economics of crime, law enforcement policy, Gary Becker |
Auteurs | Ben van Velthoven en Peter van Wijck |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Becker’s theory on crime and punishment provides guidelines for designing an optimal law enforcement policy. In designing such a policy the costs of law enforcement should be traded-off against the benefits that originate in deterring criminal acts. We investigate whether law enforcement policy in the Netherlands is consistent with this guidelines. Since policy makers are not very precise on the goals of law enforcement policy and hardly anything is known about the effectiveness and efficiency of instruments, it turns out to be impossible to say whether law enforcement policy actually contributes to social welfare. This is not necessarily problematic if, in line with the efficient law hypothesis, law enforcement automatically converges to an efficient outcome. Furthermore, Becker’s theory appears to miss a crucial element by not taking account of existing preferences for retribution. If utility is derived from seeing that justice is done, this should be included in the welfare criterion. Assuming policy makers prefer welfare enhancing law enforcement, they would be well-advised to start systematically collecting information on the effectiveness and efficiency of instruments of law enforcement policy. |
Artikel |
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Tijdschrift | Netherlands Administrative Law Library, maart 2016 |
Auteurs | Tina Sever en Polonca Kovac |
Samenvatting |
In the theory, legislation and practice of regulation and conduct of administrative procedures, trends towards the concept of good administration can be detected at both supra- and national levels. Based on normative and comparative-legal analyses of Slovene (1999), Croatian (2009) and the EP Resolution (2013) administrative procedure acts (APAs), the article identifies user-oriented institutions that pursue the principles of good administration. Furthermore, it examines acceleration and braking mechanisms that influence the duration of procedures (e.g. setting and shortening time limits, positive fiction, preclusions, and enforcement of procedural errors, broader participation of affected parties, legal protection). Timely and efficient decision-making viewed as a human right with balanced protection of public and private legal interests is in fact crucial for achieving good administration. Hence, in conclusion, the authors propose selected changes de lege ferenda for the reregulation of APAs in Slovenia and beyond, in support of less excessive length of procedures. |
Artikel |
The legacy and current relevance of Cappelletti and the Florence project on access to justice |
Tijdschrift | Recht der Werkelijkheid, Aflevering 3 2015 |
Trefwoorden | definition and dimensions access to justice, recommendations, historic context access to justice, current context access to justice |
Auteurs | Bernard Hubeau |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This contribution explains what access to justice can encompass and how the ideals about access to justice have developed in time. The way to do this is going back to the work of the famous scholars Cappelletti and Garth, who were responsible for a worldwide project on access to justice in the 1970s. Their main issue was to explain access to justice is more than the access to a judge and the organization of courts. Primarily, the system must be equally accessible to all, irrespective of social or economic status or other incapacity. But it also must lead to results that are individually and socially just and fair. Equal access and effective access are the central notions. Their work is put in perspective. The importance of their legacy and the question how we can get along with their work are stressed. Their definition is compared to a few other authoritative definitions. The waves in the history of access to justice are described and putting them in the current context illustrates why a fourth waved can be observed. The major question to be answered is how one can assess the challenges and obstacles of access to justice in the current context. Therefore, some recent dimensions and developments within access to justice are presented: the democratic dimension, the effectiveness of new social rights, the attention for poor and vulnerable people, further juridification, expanding frontiers of and monitoring access to justice, e-justice, and self-help. Finally, a few building blocks for reforms are presented. |
Casus |
The path from 'calculating the cost of conflicts' towards 'cooperation controlling' |
Tijdschrift | Nederlands-Vlaams tijdschrift voor mediation en conflictmanagement, Aflevering 2 2015 |
Trefwoorden | Conflict Management, Cooperation Controlling, Mediation Paradox, Cost of Conflict |
Auteurs | Elvira Hauska en Berndt Exenberger |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In this contribution the author(s) contend that controlling cooperation is a better appraoch to succesfully meet the mediation paradox (discussed a.o. by De Palo et al. in the European Parliament Rebooting study) and the conflict management paradox, than merely calculating the costs of conflicts. The author(s) discuss the phenomenon of denial gap, and summarize some of the results they achieved with their team spirit barometer in surveys among Austrian managers during the past few years. |
Article |
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Tijdschrift | Family & Law, mei 2015 |
Auteurs | Dr. Liesbet Pluym Ph.D. |
Samenvatting |
Zowel in België als in Nederland komt draagmoederschap voor. Deze bijdrage heeft tot doel om de houding van de twee buurlanden ten aanzien van dit controversiële fenomeen te onderzoeken en te vergelijken. |
Diversen |
Sociology of law in search of a distinct identity |
Tijdschrift | Recht der Werkelijkheid, Aflevering 1 2015 |
Trefwoorden | sociology of law, legal sociology, socio-legal studies, interdisciplinary study of law, law & society |
Auteurs | Koen Van Aeken |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Rechtssociologie en recht-en-samenlevingstudies hebben behoefte aan de ontwikkeling van een eigen identiteit, die hen onder meer onderscheidt van het groeiende juridisch onderzoek waarbij empirische methoden gehanteerd worden. Deze identiteit kent vijf verbindende elementen: excellente (primaire of secundaire) empirische methodologie, kritisch, nuttig, blijvend geïnformeerd door theorie uit een inclusieve sociologie, en afwijzend tegenover reductionistische benaderingen van de werkelijkheid. Als een van deze eigenschappen ontbreekt, is er geen sprake van volwaardige rechtssociologie. Als alle eigenschappen aanwezig zijn, is de rechtssociologie bijzonder goed uitgerust om de actuele veranderingen in recht en samenleving te bestuderen. In die context kan de ontwikkeling en verspreiding van een eigen identiteit, die de vijf eigenschappen incorporeert, kansen bieden om de rechtssociologie een meer centrale positie toe te kennen in de rechtenfaculteiten. |
Diversen |
Developments in socio-legal studies: subjects and methodologies – the Anglo-Saxon model |
Tijdschrift | Recht der Werkelijkheid, Aflevering 1 2015 |
Trefwoorden | socio-legal, neo-liberal, legal aid |
Auteurs | Hilary Sommerlad |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In the course of it short existence, Socio-legal studies (SLS) in the Anglo-Saxon world has burgeoned into a rich and variegated field. Reviewing it is therefore a challenging task. I begin with some general reflections and an outline of recent developments. Although these indicate an extremely vibrant field, concerns have been expressed for the future. In my discussion of these, I argue that our analysis of SLS needs to be historicised since the emergence of SLS is connected to processes of social modernization and democratization. The erosion of these processes by neo-liberal discourses and policies is the background to a discussion of my own research into the impact of the cuts to civil legal aid in England and Wales. This leads me to conclude that the fundamental dissonance between neo-liberal rationality and social science may portend a difficult future, in particular for empirical work; however, I note too that other developments such as the ongoing juridification of society and new social media may make continued SL engagement irresistible. |
Artikel |
Scientific misconduct: how organizational culture plays its part |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 1 2015 |
Trefwoorden | scientific misconduct, organizational culture, social control |
Auteurs | Rita Faria PhD student |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Scientific misconduct takes place at the heart of higher education organizations. Organizational culture (meso level) shapes scholars’ behaviors and perceptions (micro level) about what should be problematized while conducting research and teaching. In this paper it is argued that there are organizational mechanisms at place by which organizational goals (funding) and professional goals (recognition) become indistinguishable. The mechanisms are: pressure, loose social control, scarce resources and lack of alternatives. Scholars may strategically react to these mechanisms by accepting, fitting in, resisting or giving up. It is at the heart of these mechanisms and strategies that problematic behaviors may emerge. |
Article |
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Tijdschrift | Erasmus Law Review, Aflevering 3 2015 |
Auteurs | Annie de Roo |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
The article takes as its point of departure some of the author’s multidisciplinary projects. Special attention is given to the question of whether the disciplines united in the various research team members already constituted a kind of ‘inter-discipline’, through which a single object was studied. The issue of how the disciplinary orientations of the research team members occasionally clashed, on methodological issues, is also addressed. |
Artikel |
De brug tussen wetenschap en opsporingspraktijkOnderzoek naar de toepassing van sociale netwerkanalyse in de opsporing |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 4 2014 |
Trefwoorden | social network analysis (SNA), big data, criminal investigation, intelligence |
Auteurs | Drs. Paul Duijn en Dr. Peter Klerks |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Social network analysis (SNA) has taken its place in the field of criminology, although among Dutch criminologists the emphasis remains on conceptual contributions. Meanwhile, the world of criminal investigation and intelligence has witnessed the development of a blossoming SNA-practice. The emergence of big data makes SNA an indispensable tool to exploit the oceans of data in a meaningful way. Unfortunately, when it comes to employing SNA, academia and the investigations and intelligence domains remain separated. While Dutch analysts adopt scientific ideas and concepts, they rarely contribute to the body of literature; confidential SNA reports remain inaccessible. Shedding light on over forty SNA related internal police studies, this article bridges the gap between Dutch academic criminologists and ‘pracademics’ in law enforcement. |
Artikel |
National variations in the implementation and enforcement of European food hygiene regulationsComparing the structure of food controls and regulations between Scotland and the Netherlands |
Tijdschrift | Recht der Werkelijkheid, Aflevering 3 2014 |
Trefwoorden | food regulation, official controls, EU food law, implementation, enforcement |
Auteurs | Tetty Havinga |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Over the course of time the European Union has increased its powers considerably. Currently, almost all food safety regulations in the member states rest on European law. Despite this common legal base, several differences between member states still exist. This article compares the way Scottish and Dutch authorities deal with a particular item of European food law: the development of national guides to good practice for hygiene and for the application of HACCP principles by the food industry. The results of this investigation are consistent with the conclusion of Falkner et al. that the implementation of EU law in both the Netherlands and the UK depends on domestic issues. The dominant issue in Scotland (and the UK) is the FSA objective to bring consistent food controls and independency from industry which results in the development of governmental guidance. The prevailing issue in the Netherlands is making industry responsible for food safety which helps explain the extensive use of industry guides. This study shows that in order to understand what happens on the ground it is important to look beyond transposition or direct effect and also to investigate the implementation of regulations and to dig deeper than just their transposition. |
Redactioneel |
Regulatory governance: experimenting with new roles and instruments |
Tijdschrift | Recht der Werkelijkheid, Aflevering 3 2014 |
Auteurs | Peter Mascini en Judith van Erp |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This editorial offers an introduction to the current issue. |
Artikel |
Detentie en gevolgen van detentieOnderzoek in Nederland en België |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 2 2014 |
Trefwoorden | Detentiebeleid, detentieonderzoek, detentiebeleving, gevangeniscultuur, detentie-effecten |
Auteurs | Prof. dr. Kristel Beyens, Dr. Anja Dirkzwager en Prof. dr. Dirk Korf |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Prison policy in Belgium and the Netherlands is changing rapidly. While Belgium struggles with a persisting prison overcrowding, the Netherlands strongly cuts back on the prison system and is closing an increasing number of prisons. This introductory article to a special issue on detention starts with a short outline of recent changes in Dutch and Belgian prison policy, focusing on developments in detention capacity and prison population. Subsequently we present an overview of empirical criminological research in the Netherlands and Belgium, situated within the international literature, with a specific focus on studies regarding life in detention and effects of detention on prisoners' lives and on their social environment. Finally, we reflect upon existing detention research in both countries, e.g. in terms of gaps in research topics and methodology, and discuss some future developments. |
Artikel |
Kwetsbaarheid voor voedselfraude in de vleessector |
Tijdschrift | Justitiële verkenningen, Aflevering 2 2014 |
Trefwoorden | food fraud, meat sector, melamine scandal, adulterants, food analysing techniques |
Auteurs | S. van Ruth en W. Huisman |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Food fraud is as old as mankind but has advanced in the last decades. Fraud regarding the gross composition of food has progressed in the direction of the addition of unconventional adulterants. Furthermore, consumers are more and more interested in how and where their foods are produced and pay price premiums for organic foods, fair trade, animal welfare considering, and sustainable food products. Since these products are very similar to their conventional counterparts in terms of composition, they provide an additional challenge. The knowledge regarding occurrence, type of meat fraud, causes and damage caused to the sector is limited. There is a need for extensive identification of the vulnerabilities and criminogenic factors. These insights offer leads for detection and prevention. The article deals with a first step into the inventory of these vulnerabilities and factors affecting meat fraud, by assessing fraud risks related to products, companies and the meat supply chain. |
Artikel |
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Tijdschrift | Law and Method, 2013 |
Trefwoorden | empirical facts, research methods, legal education, social facts |
Auteurs | Terry Hutchinson |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This article examines the importance of the social evidence base in relation to the development of the law. It argues that there is a need for those lawyers who play a part in law reform (legislators and those involved in the law reform process) and for those who play a part in formulating policy-based common law rules (judges and practitioners) to know more about how facts are established in the social sciences. It argues that lawyers need sufficient knowledge and skills in order to be able to critically assess the facts and evidence base when examining new legislation and also when preparing, arguing and determining the outcomes of legal disputes. For this reason the article argues that lawyers need enhanced training in empirical methodologies in order to function effectively in modern legal contexts. |
Diversen |
Gevestigde ADR-instituten en ontwortelde arbeidsrelaties: een dubbelinterview bij de Britse Acas en de Belgische Dienst Sociaal Bemiddelaars |
Tijdschrift | Nederlands-Vlaams tijdschrift voor mediation en conflictmanagement, Aflevering 4 2013 |
Trefwoorden | Acas, Belgian, Social Mediators Service, labour, ADR |
Auteurs | Annie de Roo en Rob Jagtenberg |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In this interview with prominent representatives of the British Acas and the Belgian Social Mediators Service important developments in the ADR labour practice are discussed. In particular, the impact of the financial crisis and the ever advancing globalization process on the labour negotiating climate is the centre of attention. |
Artikel |
Over motieven voor het melden van misstandenEen kwalitatief onderzoek binnen het Belgische federale politiekorps |
Tijdschrift | Justitiële verkenningen, Aflevering 7 2013 |
Trefwoorden | Belgian federal police, organizational misbehavior, internal reporting behavior, internal reporting motives, grid-group cultural theory |
Auteurs | K. Loyens |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Whistleblowing research should more explicitly focus on underlying motives for the decision to report on organizational misbehavior. Arguably, these motives are connected to the factors that can explain the decision whether or not to blow the whistle. Reporting for egoistic reasons can probably be explained by other factors than reporting for altruistic reasons. This article aims to enrich the whistleblowing literature by proposing grid-group cultural theory as an alternative approach. This theoretical framework could provide more insight into reporting decisions by identifying various motives for such decisions and linking them with elements in the organizational culture that could explain them. As an illustration, the theory is applied in an ethnographic study in two investigative teams of the Belgian federal police. More research is, however, needed to fine-tune the conceptual framework and to test the preliminary findings of this empirical study. |
Artikel |
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Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 3 2013 |
Trefwoorden | Becker, Outsiders, biography, methodology |
Auteurs | Thaddeus Müller |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In this article on the social production of the book Outsiders, I will situate its production in the daily practice of the social worlds in which Becker was involved. Therefore I focus on the relations, interactions and situations which were relevant for the form, content and success of Outsiders. For data, I use fragments from my email communication with Howard Becker, the collected interviews and other publications which show that Becker seeks to demystify Outsiders. My main contribution is that I use Becker’s own words to demystify the ethnographic practice of Outsiders and describe its mundane backstage reality, which is described by Fine as ‘the underside’ of ethnography (1993). |
Artikel |
Epidemiologische inzichten in het effect van letselschadeafwikkeling op herstel en de zoektocht naar mogelijkheden voor verbetering |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Vergoeding Personenschade, Aflevering 2 2013 |
Trefwoorden | afwikkelingsproces, beleving van slachtoffer, herstel, re-integratie, communicatie |
Auteurs | Dr. N.A. Elbers en Prof. mr. A.J. Akkermans |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Deze bijdrage doet verslag van een multidisciplinair wetenschappelijk onderzoek naar herstelbelemmerende factoren van de schadeafwikkeling en een experiment met een website om de schadeafwikkeling te verbeteren door empowerment van het slachtoffer. Een volledig verslag is te vinden in het proefschrift van N.A. Elbers, Empowerment of injured claimants. Investigating claim factors, procedural justice and e-health, 2013. |