Transacties met het OM in financieel-economische en fraudezaken op Curaçao volgen grotendeels dezelfde procedure als Nederlandse strafzaken op het gebied van fraude en kennen dezelfde uitgangspunten en kenmerken. Toch zijn er ook verschillen tussen de transactieregelingen in Nederland en in Curaçao. In deze bijdrage wordt een beschrijving gegeven van de wijze van afdoening buiten de rechter om van financieel-economische strafzaken en fraudezaken, zoals die op Curaçao plaats kan vinden. Het artikel beoogt tevens (mede op basis van praktijkervaringen) inzicht te geven in dit sluitstuk van de strafrechtspleging vanuit een rechtsvergelijkend perspectief ten opzichte van Nederland. Met het oog op het komende Caribische Wetboek van Strafvordering en de modernisering van het Nederlandse Wetboek van Strafvordering is het immers buitengewoon interessant om de verdere ontwikkelingen in de schikkingspraktijk van het OM Curaçao en de overige overzeese gebiedsdelen de komende tijd scherp in de gaten te houden.

Between 2013-2017 there were many ISIS videos circulating. It was generally assumed that these videos would encourage young Muslims to radicalize and join ISIS. But what do we actually know about the imaginary world of young people? Do sociological aspects such as the economic, cultural and religious background play a decisive role in this? Can we use the films and TV series that young people see as an entry into their imaginary world? To what extent can image analysis provide knowledge that contributes to safety issues? Commissioned by the Department of Counterterrorism, Radicalization and Extremism (CTER) of the Dutch National Police, the IVMV Foundation invited, in a comparative pilot study, twenty Dutch youngsters (10 with a Muslim background and 10 police students) to share their viewing experiences with five trailers (3 Hollywood, 1 Netflix, 1 not explicit violent ISIS video) that touched on the ISIS issue. This resulted in a research report and a film (in Dutch as well as in English) that was presented in November 2017 (De Mare et al. 2017a; De Mare 2017b). A remarkable result was that their viewing experiences and feelings showed a lot of similarity.

In the past twenty-five years, a lot of attention is paid to a more victim-aware and restorative justice focused policy in prisons in Belgium and The Netherlands, striving for a restorative culture and climate in the institutions (among prisoners and staff) and for more restorative practices like victim-awareness programs and mediation. The focus is primarily on the prison structure and culture, striving to create a more restorative prison culture and climate in the institutions. In this article we argue for a shift from this system-focused pursuit of ‘estorative detention’ to the restorative reintegration of prisoners at the individual level, and by this supporting their desistance from crime. We present a conceptual framework for restorative reintegration in and outside prison as a strengths-based approach, with attention to the structural and individual elements that supports their desistance from crime.

In this article the development of a restorative justice probation practice is discussed from the perspective of the restorative justice principle of the inclusive community and the contribution of probation volunteers to the reintegration of (ex-)offenders through specific restorative justice intervention strategies. It is shown that in penal policy of the past decades the penal welfare-model and the aim of reintegration of ex-offenders has been overshadowed by a more utilitarian, punitive and management logic of criminal justice. As a result, the reintegration and social inclusion of ex-offenders has become a rather neglected area and, in the current liberal-democratic state, offenders face social conditions in which it is very hard to turn their life around. In addition it is suggested that both in mainstream and in restorative justice interventions, achievement of the goal of reintegration is often problematic or absent. Moreover, this lack of opportunities for connection may undermine and reduce the effects of interventions, including those with a restorative justice approach. Probation services that use specific restorative justice intervention strategies guided by both professionals and probation volunteers might contribute to a more active, inclusive role of the community and society in the reintegration of ex-offenders.

In dit artikel wordt langs wijsgerige weg de verhouding tussen tijd, identiteit en het verlenen van (sterkere) verblijfsaanspraken aan migranten onderzocht en verhelderd door een nieuwe betekenis van de term worteling voor te stellen. Want wat is worteling nu eigenlijk? Het is de relatie tussen menselijke tijd, worteling en het migratierecht die in dit artikel filosofisch wordt uitgediept. Dit om te verklaren waarom we in het migratierecht vreemdelingen in het algemeen na verloop van tijd sterkere aanspraken verlenen. In dit artikel wordt betoogd dat het verblijf van vreemdelingen op het grondgebied ervoor zorgt dat hun leven aldaar na verloop van tijd een vanzelfsprekend onderdeel uitmaakt van hun identiteit, en van het leven van anderen. Het is dit vanzelfsprekend worden van mensen door de tijd dat de grond is voor het bestaan van formele tijdscriteria voor insluiting in het migratierecht.

Een bestuurlijke aanpak van ondermijnende criminaliteit, al dan niet als onderdeel van een integrale aanpak, is in Nederland inmiddels gemeengoed. Toch bestaan er nog volop misverstanden over, die ook aanleiding geven tot niet altijd terechte kritiek. Het handhavingsinstrumentarium waarop deze aanpak is gebaseerd vinden we in alle landen terug. De mate waarin het wordt toegepast om (zware en georganiseerde) misdaad te bestrijden verschilt echter, al naar gelang de aard, ernst en de historie van die problematiek. Een bestuurlijke aanpak is een manier om hogere drempels op te werpen voor criminele bedrijfsprocessen, maar is geen afzonderlijk alternatief voor het strafrecht.

Illegal weed cultivation is increasingly perceived as an important societal problem. Most of existing research in this area focuses on the criminal organisations active on the cannabis market and the criminal profits that are gained here. The current study however focuses on the actors at the bottom of the cannabis market – the home growers – and aims at answering the following research question: what factors influence the chance of encountering an illegal weed cultivation at a certain residential address? In this study, the risk and protecting factors are taken into consideration on both the individual level (e.g. family composition and financial position of residents) and the neighbourhood level (e.g. social cohesion, physical disorganisation, level of criminality in a certain neighbourhood). In the current study, data of 401 illegal hemp cultivation sites discovered between 2011 and 2016 in homes in Eindhoven, the Netherlands, were analysed. Data from various quantitative data sources – like municipal data (BRP and data from the Social Domain) and data from the municipal neighbourhood monitors – were combined and analysed through a multilevel logistic regression. The results suggest that the likelihood of an illegal weed cultivation site is most prominently influenced by individual factors. Being married for instance seems to decrease the risk, whereas being divorced seems to increase the risk. The housing type also turns out to be of influence. On a neighbourhood level, physical disorganisation and the presence of other hemp cultivation sites in the neighbourhood are the only predictors for hemp cultivation. The results are discussed in the light of criminological theories regarding participation in crime, using the theoretical concepts motivation, opportunity, and control.

The present article examines the financial life of 131 jihadi travellers (JTs), also known as foreign terrorist fighters, from the Netherlands. For the purpose of the research, access was acquired to all their banking transactions in the year preceding their departure: over 60,000 transactions in total. Their income from work or employment, various forms of social assistance, student grants, and other income or expenditure were examined. The data provided a good picture of their financial independence, i.e., the extent to which they were capable of making their own living or needed to claim assistance from the authorities. The analysis shows that it is highly exceptional for Dutch JTs to be financially independent. Only 5 percent have sufficient income from work or employment without making any claims on the government for financial assistance, and are free of mounting debts. The low score can for a large part be explained by the fact that almost half of the JTs are under 23 years of age and/or receive a student grant. Their financial picture largely resembles ordinary students. Older JTs (over 22 years of age, and not having received a student grant for at least one year) underperform, however. Only 9 percent are financially independent. Financial support could perhaps be used to monitor or steer recipients’ role in society.

Door het Europees Parlement en de Raad van de Europese Unie is nieuwe wetgeving aangenomen om witwassen en terrorismefinanciering te voorkomen ten aanzien van wisselplatforms voor virtuele valuta en aanbieders van bewaarportemonnees. De afspraken maken deel uit van een grotere set aan maatregelen tegen financiële criminaliteit en belastingontduiking.
In dit artikel wordt besproken in hoeverre het risico op witwassen via virtuele valuta in Nederland adequaat wordt beheerst en of de aangenomen maatregelen van de EU hiervoor voldoende zijn.

This article addresses the role of parents and girlfriends in the process of giving up crime. It presents findings from a longitudinal study of 81 young recidivists examined over 15 years. It concludes that parents played a pivotal role in this process, since the young men began to realize what misery they had caused them. However, these young men did not change their path in life because of their parents. We conclude even stronger than with the parents that it does not seem likely that a young recidivist would desist because of his girlfriend. Nevertheless, it would seem that both parents and a secure, lasting relationship could indeed have a positive influence in this process, particularly in the motivation to stick to a new path towards a more pro-social lifestyle once it has been set out on.

De modernisering van het Wetboek van Strafvordering zal ook het proces ter ontneming van wederrechtelijk verkregen voordeel aanpassen. Deze wetgevingsoperatie zal de ontnemingsmaatregel grotendeels ontdoen van zijn bijzondere karakter. Zo komt het strafrechtelijk financieel onderzoek te vervallen en wordt voorgesteld de oplegging van de ontnemingsmaatregel als hoofdregel in het reguliere strafproces te laten plaatsvinden. Deze bijdrage brengt in kaart welke wijzigingen worden voorgesteld en hoe die moeten worden beoordeeld. Geconcludeerd wordt dat de moderniseringsplannen kunnen worden onderschreven, maar wel nader dienen te worden doordacht.

Annotatie bij HR 13 april 2018, ECLI:NL:HR:2018:601 (Shaken baby). In dit arrest geeft de Hoge Raad uitleg aan de opzetclausule die sinds 2000 in de AVP gehanteerd wordt. Gekeken wordt naar de invloed van de geestesstoornis op de toepassing van de opzetuitsluiting en er wordt een vergelijking getrokken met het strafrecht.

Criminological literature shows that criminals involved in organized crime benefit from positive images in the media. By opening a hospital or donating funds for the development of a football field they try to present themselves in a cordial way and as good citizens to the public. Using the media to present themselves as animal lovers is a very effective manner to go for public admiration and sympathy. In this contribution is investigated how this mechanism works and why it is so effective.

In criminology, it is generally assumed that the high social status of white-collar offenders prevents them of being targeted by criminal law enforcement. But when they do, they suffer greater social and economic damage because of this high social status. Empirical research on the consequences of criminal law enforcement and conviction for white-collar offenders is scarce, and limited to the US and the UK. This paper used biographies of convicted former executives in business and public office in the Netherlands, to analyse these consequences and the process of the ‘fall from grace’ of white-collar offenders. The consequences are described in four life-domains: health, the private sphere, the occupational sphere and the social sphere. The results show that Dutch executives, in line with findings for the Anglo-American white-collar offenders, experience status degradation and suffer much collateral damage of criminal law enforcement. After the initial horror of imprisonment, they endure prison life fairly well. Individual competences and remaining social and economic capital enable them to return to normal life, although they cannot return to pre-conviction levels of social status.

In this introductory article we will discuss some of the recent developments in corporate crime research in the Netherlands and Belgium since 2008. In doing so, we will answer the following three questions: (1) What are the most important developments in the way research on corporate crime has been carried out? (2) What are key themes in corporate crime research? (3) What are the most important blind spots in research into corporate crime? We will conclude with some avenues for future research on corporate crime and its enforcement.

In this article we analyze how organized crime offenders use IT to handle their money flows. How and to what extent do offenders use IT-facilitated possibilities, such as bitcoin, to launder their money? The empirical data consist of thirty large-scale police investigations. These thirty cases are part of the Organized Crime Monitor, an ongoing research project into the nature of organized crime in the Netherlands. One of the most striking findings is the fact that cash is still king – even for online drug dealers who get paid in digital currencies.

Complexe geldstromen, irrationele prijsvorming van transfers en het ontbreken van gerichte wetgeving maken het betaald voetbal aantrekkelijk voor het witwassen van crimineel geld. Bij de belangrijkste stakeholders is het besef inmiddels doorgedrongen dat het noodzakelijk is de witwasbestrijding binnen de sector serieus aan te pakken. De preventieve toetsing van grote investeerders in clubs door de KNVB en de aanbevelingen van De Nederlandsche Bank aan banken om alert te zijn op witwasrisico’s bij voetbalklanten zijn stappen in de goede richting.
Voor een effectieve aanpak wordt gepleit voor de invoering van een periodieke integriteitstoetsing van eigenaren en leidinggevenden van betaaldvoetbalorganisaties, in combinatie met een breder screeningsinstrument, zoals is opgenomen in de Wet Bibob.