Over the years, the use of data and digital technology in neighbourhood watch groups for prevention and detection of crime and citizens initiatives to enhance public safety has increased due to social and technological changes of citizen participation in coproduction of safety and digitization of economy and society. This causes a transition towards a new technology regime, a shift from a ‘closed’ information and communication technology regime owned by governmental organizations towards (inter)national ‘open’ platforms, which in turn challenges the current policy regime. This transition creates new societal expectations and challenges, often with contrasting dynamics. For instance, citizens are becoming the so-called ‘eyes and ears’ for government in prevention and detection of crime in neighbourhoods, while professionals are increasingly expected to coproduce safety with citizens through new forms of prevention and detection. With the rise of data and digital technology such as platforms and applications citizens are increasingly enabled to take the lead and initiate collaboration and organize new forms of prevention and surveillance in their own neighbourhoods.
Both in literature as in public policy practice, neighbourhood prevention and crime detection in general is addressed. However, less attention is spent on the role and impact of data and digital technology. We propose this is an issue because the emerging digital technology regime requires a new conceptual view wherein citizen initiatives are no longer perceived as merely instrumental to government interventions, but are understood as coproducers of public safety in their neighbourhoods, as part of a broader societal shift in which citizens are enabled by digital technology to organize their own data environments. Based on the introduction of digital coproduction, we illustrate four case examples to explain which opportunities for safety professionals and local governments arise to create a policy regime that suits the emerging digital technology regime.

De auteur zet uiteen hoe de verhouding tussen onderneming en vennootschap zich vanaf 1900 heeft ontwikkeld. De auteur verwacht dat de invloed van de politiek op de onderneming en vennootschap in de komende jaren zal toenemen. Aan het slot van zijn beschouwing maakt de auteur een paar opmerkingen over de invloed van digitalisering op het vennootschapsrecht.

In countries like Belgium and The Netherlands, there seems to be overwhelming public acceptance of transplantation and organ donation. Yet, paradoxically, part of the public refuses post-mortal donation of their own organs or of those of family members. It is customary within the transplantation context to accept the refusal of organ donation by family members “in order to accommodate their feelings”. I argue that this attitude does not take seriously what is really behind the refusal of donation by (at least some) family members. My hypothesis is that even in very secularized societies, this refusal is determined by cultural-symbolic attitudes vis-à-vis the (dead) human body (and some of its parts). The blind spot for this reality, both in the practice of and discussions around organ donation, prevents understanding of what is producing the paradox mentioned.

Ever since it was published in 2015, the judgment of the The Hague court in the so-called Urgenda-case, and the subsequent decisions of the appellate and cassation courts confirming it, have been met with repeated and vivid critiques. By recognizing the necessity of the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, and furthermore imposing a certain reduction level on the Dutch state, the judgments in the cases at hand gave rise to many questions concerning the position of the judiciary in the matter, and in Dutch society as a whole. This article attempts in the first place to situate the positions of the different actors intervening in the Urgenda-case within a legal-theoretical framework. The contribution subsequently explores the strategic possibilities that an alternative understanding of law could offer to the judges, focusing specifically on the use of legal instruments stemming from international law, brought into the reasoning of the national judge.

When does an appeal to the heritage of Christianity intensify our ethical sensitivity? When does an appeal to the Christian heritage diminish our ethical sensitivity? How to distinguish authentic Christianity from its cultural shape? All these questions highlight an ethical theme intimately interwoven with the many references to Christianity in contemporary politics. In that perspective, even a neologism was coined, the ‘Gutmensch’. When neologisms pop up and daily appear in newspapers, alertness is indispensable and an accurate approach is required.

Internationale kinderrechten genieten enerzijds vrijwel universele erkenning maar worden anderzijds ook stevig bekritiseerd. Vooral kinderrechten binnen het strafrecht worden als controversieel gezien. Tegelijkertijd is op dit gebied sprake van toenemende aandacht voor de ontwikkeling gedurende de adolescentie die door lijkt te lopen na de dominante leeftijdgrens van achttien jaar, alsmede de implicaties daarvan voor de positie van jongvolwassenen in het strafrecht. Deze bijdrage gaat nader in op de toepasselijkheid, en toegevoegde waarde, van het kinderrechtenperspectief voor jongvolwassenen in het strafrecht.

Gijsbert Karel van Hogendorp is the auctor intellectualis of the 1818 Dutch constitution. It was his sketch for a new constitution that was used as a starting point for the deliberations of its original drafting committee. Van Hogendorp justifies his constitution as a restoration of the Burgundian constitution that applied before the Dutch Republic. In recent literature Van Hogendorp’s restorational argument is presented as an invention of tradition. In this article an alternative explanation is presented, namely that it is part of a form of classicist political thought that was common during the ancien régime. Van Hogendorp describes his constitution as a moderate monarchy, in which the three principles of monarchy, aristocracy and democracy are properly balanced. And he mainly defends this mixed regime by pointing out that it is a restoration of the old Burgundian constitution of the Netherlands. This way of reasoning is, as will be shown, typically classicistic.

Judgements rendered in the accused’s absence form a special category of criminal judgements that undoubtedly do not provide for the same safeguards that would be in place when a judgement is rendered in the accused’s presence. Nonetheless, provided that strict conditions are adhered to, trials in absentia can be compatible with the accused’s right to be present. This article examines the standards that have been developed under international human rights law, providing for the normative framework, to see to what extent the trials in absentia of foreign terrorist fighters in the Netherlands and Belgium comply therewith. By pointing to analogies and contrasts, this article wishes to contribute to finding answers to this dilemma.

In this article a critical reflection upon age limits applied in the law is provided, in light of the tension that exists in international children’s rights law between the protection of children and the recognition of their evolving autonomy. The main research question that will be addressed is to what extent the use of (certain) age limits is justified under international children’s rights law. The complexity of applying open norms and theoretically underdeveloped concepts as laid down in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, related to the development and evolving capacities of children as rights holders, will be demonstrated. The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child struggles to provide comprehensive guidance to states regarding the manner in which the dynamic legal position of children should be applied in practice. The inconsistent application of age limits that govern the involvement of children in judicial procedures provides states leeway in granting children autonomy, potentially leading to the establishment of age limits based on inappropriate – practically, politically or ideologically motivated – grounds.

Op 4 oktober 2019 wees de Hoge Raad een belangwekkend arrest op het snijvlak van het rechtspersonenrecht, arbeidsrecht en kerkelijk recht. De zaak betreft het ontslag van een predikant die werkzaam was in een kerkgenootschap. De juridische kernvraag in cassatie is: welk recht is van toepassing op de rechtspositie van deze voorganger? Is dat het civiele arbeidsrecht, het kerkelijke dienstrecht of een samenloop van beide? De Hoge Raad biedt duidelijkheid op het grensvlak van kerk en staat.

In deze uitspraken spreekt het Hof van Justitie zich uit over de mogelijkheid van excepties op de exclusieve rechten van auteurs buiten de uitputtende lijst met excepties die is opgenomen in de Auteursrechtrichtlijn. Ook laat het Hof van Justitie zich opnieuw uit over de rol van grondrechten bij de interpretatie van de bestaande excepties. Deze uitspraken worden in breder perspectief geplaatst door daarnaast de benadering van het EHRM te bespreken. Tot slot worden de implicaties van deze dynamische Europese rechtsorde voor de Nederlandse praktijk besproken.
HvJ 29 juli 2019, zaak C-516/17, ECLI:EU:C:2019:625 (Spiegel Online); HvJ 29 juli 2019, zaak C-469/17, ECLI:EU:C:2019:623 (Funke Medien NRW); HvJ 29 juli 2019, zaak C-467/17, ECLI:EU:C:2019:624 (Pelham)

Nederland transformeert naar een datagedreven samenleving. De politie, de Belastingdienst en uitkeringsinstanties experimenteren met Big Data; private partijen, zoals sociale media, banken, en medische organisaties gebruiken algoritmes en profielen om beleidskeuzes te maken. Daarbij worden beleidskeuzes steeds meer geautomatiseerd. Uit de substantiële hoeveelheden data die worden verzameld worden patronen, correlaties en waarschijnlijke verbanden tussen verschillende datapunten gedestilleerd. De profielen die op basis daarvan worden vervaardigd worden gebruikt om keuzes te maken over toekomstige gevallen. Hierdoor wordt het besluit- en beleidsvormingsproces in toenemende mate gestandaardiseerd. De hoop is dat de door data-analyse geïnformeerde besluiten kwalitatief beter zullen zijn en dit de uitvoering van het beleid effectiever en efficiënter zal maken. In onderzoek dat is verricht in opdracht van het ministerie van Justitie en veiligheid wordt geconcludeerd dat tien veranderingen aan het Nederlands recht nodig zijn om deze transitie in goede banen te leiden.