De begroting van de omvang van de schadepost huishoudelijke hulp leidt vaak tot verdeeldheid tussen (belangenbehartigers van) slachtoffers en verzekeraars. Dit is met name het geval wanneer de schadepost niet onder de normering van de Richtlijn Huishoudelijke Hulp van De Letselschade Raad valt. Dit artikel gaat in op de vraag wanneer het inschakelen van professionele huishoudelijke hulp normaal en gebruikelijk is, hetgeen als criterium voor vergoeding van huishoudelijke hulp heeft te gelden. Er worden – na een uitvoerige analyse van de rechtspraak – diverse handvatten aangereikt ter beantwoording van deze vraag.

Het praktisch belang van gewoonterecht is sterk afgenomen. De auteur wijst vier oorzaken aan: toenemende codificatie, de opkomst van gedetailleerde contracten, de opkomst van concurrerende open normen, en maatschappelijke ontwikkelingen. Gewoonterecht blijft echter in sommige gevallen van belang, bijvoorbeeld in de internationale handel en bij de invulling van open normen.

Prisoners often encounter multiple barriers when returning to society, resulting in higher risks of recidivism. To overcome these barriers, prison-based and community-based professionals assist with preparation for release. Prison-based professionals, such as the case manager and mentor, screen and monitor the problems regarding work and income, housing, healthcare, financial debts and valid identification. Community-based professionals, such as municipal officials, parole officers, healthcare professionals and volunteers, can provide additional and specialized help. First, this research discusses the current policy of the Dutch Custodial Institutions Agency (DJI) and the role of different types of professionals. Second, it presents a nationwide picture of the extent to which prisoners report contact with prison-based and community-based professionals, and to what degree prisoners appreciate this contact. The results are specified for various types of regimes and time served and are based on 4308 prisoner surveys of the Dutch Prison Visitation Study (DPVS), part of the Life in Custody Study (LIC-study). It turns out that most prisoners seem to be in close contact with prison-based professionals and that prisoners positively value this contact. However, contact with community-based professionals is limited and prisoners are somewhat dissatisfied about their contact with parole officers and municipal officials. Furthermore, the amount of contact differs across various types of regimes and time served. In particular, individuals who recently entered prison report less contact. To conclude, policy implications will be discussed.

For this anniversary issue of the centenary of the journal PROCES, we focused on the field of forensic psychiatry. What does one hundred years of PROCES tell us about the developments in this domain? Our starting point was an article from 1930. At that time, forensic psychiatry was not yet an integrated part of the criminal process. The anonymous author makes a plea for this to be the case. He substantiates this on the basis of four cases from his own practice. Now, one hundred years later, we conclude that this integration of forensic psychiatry into the criminal justice practice has been accomplished: there is ample attention to the mental health of suspects and detainees. The cases also show us how drastically the perspective on delinquents with a mental condition has changed, as a suspect suffering from a mental disorder was seen, by definition, as not criminally responsible. Reviewing the developments of the past hundred years has made us realize how temporary and transient our current perspective is. We are, however, convinced that the interest in individual motives of delinquents will always remain.

De wettelijke omschrijvingen van de klassieke vermogensdelicten – diefstal, verduistering, oplichting, afpersing – zijn niet of nauwelijks gewijzigd. De reden is dat de rechter sinds het Elektriciteitsarrest continu bereid is geweest om aan centrale wetsbegrippen als ‘enig goed’, ‘wegnemen’ en ‘wederrechtelijke toe-eigening’ een eigentijdse invulling te geven. Dit heeft geleid tot onderlinge overlappingen. Bij de diefstalbepaling heeft dit geresulteerd in het uit zicht raken van de grenzen van haar bereik en tot een spanningsveld bij de overlapping met de oplichtingsbepaling, die in de jurisprudentie juist met terughoudendheid wordt gehanteerd. Dit roept de vraag op of de wettelijke regeling moet worden herzien.

In dit artikel wordt verslag gedaan van onderzoek naar ontbossing in Oekraïne. Uit door Earthsight en plaatselijke onderzoeksjournalisten uitgevoerd onderzoek blijkt dat een groot deel van het naar de EU uitgevoerde hout onwettig gewonnen is, mogelijk gemaakt door corruptie van hooggeplaatste ambtenaren. De in de EU gebruikte duurzaamheidscertificaten blijken de lading niet te dekken. Voorgesteld wordt een systeem van objectieve risicoaansprakelijkheid voor elke schakel in de handelsketen in te voeren: van oorsprong tot eindhandelaar.

Traditionally, the mayor has an important role as a citizen’s father and as a maintainer of public order. In the context of the so-called ‘undermining’ criminality, the mayor has been increasingly empowered with new legal instruments to combat undermining criminality. Some mayors see themselves as a sheriff. However, in the Dutch Municipal Act, the mayor only has a task of maintaining the public order. How does this task relate to combating undermining criminality? What is the role of the mayor in the combat of undermining criminality? Nowadays, there is no legal basis in the Dutch Municipal Act to equip the mayor with crime-fighting duties. This article proposes to equip the mayor with a legal duty as a crime fighter.

This article collects publications in this journal about the emergence and effects of legislation. It covers the developments and results of research of the last four decades. First it is concluded that there has been considerable attention to the subject. Second a clear broadening and (theoretical) deepening from different perspectives can be observed. Social-legal research of legislation also appears to have specific characteristics. Subsequently, various points of attention are pointed out, such as more attention to the relationship between legal characteristics and effects, more variation in research methods and more systematic theory-driven research. Finally, attention is drawn to the relationship between (the working of) legislation and social transformations such as globalization, digitization and the increasing and profound influence of social media in society.

Because of the sharp contrast between the law-in-the-books and the law-in-action regulatory enforcement has always been a popular subject in socio-legal research. This paper looks back at forty years of Dutch research on regulatory enforcement, using several key publications in this journal from each decade. First, it is argued that these Dutch studies reveal three general themes: this research can be seen as a time machine that takes us back to some of the most important social and political events of the past decades, these studies emphasize the crucial role of individual enforcement officials, and in everyday enforcement state law only plays a limited role. Next, this review also discusses some of the strengths and weaknesses of Dutch research. Most studies on regulatory enforcement are more interested in the role of the state than in the role of citizens and businesses. As a result, research focuses more on issues of effectiveness and less on questions of legitimacy. Finally, empirical research is seen as more important than theory development. Based on this overview, the author introduces a new research agenda for future research on regulatory enforcement.

While the legal path to ending marital captivity has been cleared, socio-cultural obstacles continue to prevent victims from going to court. This article focuses on the religious and socio-cultural elements within the Dutch-Pakistani community that promote the continued existence of marital captivity, thereby zooming in on the importance of the nikah, the prevalence of (transnational) arranged marriages, and the concept of family honor.

In law enforcement animal assisted interventions have become popular. Unfortunately in evaluation studies often animal welfare is not included. The question rises to what extent this work might be harmful for participating animals and what alternatives we may offer. In this contribution we describe how robots have been introduced and are being used in the world of care. Might robots be a good alternative for animal participation in risky situations in law enforcement? We conclude by raising a number of pertinent questions for further research.

De rijksministerraad en de Nederlandse ministerraad vergaderen volgens hetzelfde reglement van orde. In deze bijdrage wordt voorgesteld afzonderlijke orderegels voor de rijksministerraad in het leven te roepen. In deze orderegels kunnen onder andere de termijnen voor aanlevering van de stukken worden vastgelegd en kan voorzien worden in mogelijkheden voor de Caribische landen om de Raden van Advies te horen. Hierdoor worden de Caribische landen beter in staat gesteld hun rol in de rijksministerraad waar te maken. Dit is onder meer van belang omdat de besluiten van de rijksministerraad grote (maatschappelijke) gevolgen kunnen hebben voor de landen. Tijdens de coronacrisis is dit wederom gebleken.

The Financial Action Task Force reported that money launderers may operate in professional money laundering networks. Whether such money laundering networks operate in the Netherlands is unclear. In this article the authors therefore explore whether professional money launderers collaborate in network structures and the business-like manner in which they offer their services. Business-like refers to their involvement in multiple cases, the amount of repeat customers, and excludes family relations. The research is based on Dutch police registrations of 236 professional money launderers. Our results suggest that professional money laundering networks are indeed active in the Netherlands and that money launderers in these networks offer their services in a business-like manner to a varying extent. An important caveat to the current findings is that the criminal cases analyzed predominantly pertain drug-related offenses, leaving the existence and professionalism of money laundering networks in other types of crime, like large-scale fraud, a question open for future research.