Door middel van een grootschalige digitale infiltratieoperatie werd de dark market ‘Hansa’ in 2017 door de Nederlandse politie en het Openbaar Ministerie opgerold. De politie maakte gebruik van de bevoegdheid die haar op grond van artikel 126h Sv toekomt: de ‘klassieke’ infiltratiebevoegdheid. Kan deze infiltratiebevoegdheid zonder meer worden aangewend in een digitale context, of klinkt in dat geval een roep om meer waarborgen?

Online fraudsters seem to adapt to new digital opportunities. While the academic literature about phishing mainly focuses on phishing through emails, fraudsters also appear to use new means of communication and platforms to find and deceive their victims. Based on analysis of 728 police reports from the period from June 20th to August 20th 2019, this article provides a descriptive study on the new phenomenon of payment request fraud on the Dutch advertisement platform Marktplaats.nl (similar to eBay). The article will provide a thorough description of the crime script and its success factors. As fraudsters now use new means of communication, it will also be assessed to what extent they use new persuasion techniques, and to what extent victims may have different characteristics. The research, therefore, focuses on the modus operandi, persuasion techniques used by the fraudsters, and victim characteristics.

In 2018 the Dutch parliament accepted new cybercrime legislation (the Cybercrime III Act) that creates several new online criminal offences and gives law enforcement agencies new investigative powers on the Internet. This article describes the background of Dutch cybercrime legislation and the contents of the Cybercrime III Act. The newly introduced cybercrimes are discussed as well as the new investigative competences. Particularly the legitimacy and the necessity of the investigative power of the police to hack computer systems of suspects may significantly interfere with the right to privacy.

In this article the authors present the lessons learned from previous research efforts into dark markets. First the important features of dark markets are discussed, i.e. anonymity and trust, as well as the question how data on dark markets can be collected. Next, the authors illustrate how this data can be used to study the phenomenon of dark markets itself as well as the impact of police interventions on dark markets.

Bitcoin is mede vanwege zijn anonieme karakter een populair betaalmiddel van criminelen geworden. In opsporingsonderzoeken van de FIOD en de politie komen de aan bitcoin gerelateerde fenomenen ‘de bitcoinhandelaar’ en ‘de bitcoinmixer’ in relatie met witwassen voor. Deze fenomenen worden uitgelegd in dit artikel. Het artikel eindigt met de drie nieuwe, door de FIU gevalideerde witwastypologieën over de aan- en verkoop van virtuele betaalmiddelen.

How do organisations collaborate in the daily practice of law enforcement? And what role plays autonomy of government agencies within this cooperation? In this article the authors answer these questions on the base of two case studies: two large scale projects in which a partnership approach was used to combat human trafficking in the Netherlands. Collaboration between city administration, investigation services and tax authorities seems to be very hard to put into practice. This is understandable from the theory that government agencies, while performing their tasks, are focused on achieving autonomy.

The attitude towards ‘the immigrant’ is changing. Where they used to be seen as a necessity, they are now looked upon with distrust. A consequence of this new attitude is the ‘merging’ of immigration law policy and criminal law. Examples of this in the Netherlands are a law proposal to criminalize illegal stay and a mandatory quorum of illegals that have to be deported each year. In our research we have compared the ‘crimmigration’ discourse in both Arizona and the Netherlands.
Arizona’s law SB1070 has been the main legal focus in the research. The enactment of the law has been cause of many protests. The public’s fear was focused mainly on civil rights violations; the legal discussion was focused on the federalism issue, brought to Courts by the Obama administration. However, with the Supreme Court handing down its landmark decision in Arizona vs. United States, the legal focus will shift towards the civil rights spectrum.
In the most recent elections in the Netherlands, the immigration question seems to have been pushed to the background. However, it remains a vital issue when placed in the context of ‘Euro-skepticism’, which has played a major role , as much of the immigration policy making is done by the supra national European legislator.
We have seen that in the American context the federal government has been a ‘mitigating factor’ in the crimmigration debate to counterbalance draconian immigration policy. We hope that despite recent Euro-skepticism the EU will have a similar mitigating effect.

Met de invoering van het nieuwe zorgstelsel per 1 januari 2006 zijn ook Nederlandse pensioengerechtigden woonachtig in andere lidstaten verplicht aangesloten bij het Nederlandse systeem. Van Delft en een aantal anderen maakten hiertegen bezwaar. Ten aanzien van de Europese socialezekerheidsregels oordeelt het Hof van Justitie dat sprake is van een sluitend systeem van conflictregels dat een eigen keuze voor een bepaald regime door de rechthebbenden uitsluit. Aangezien in casu geen van hen in het buitenland gewerkt heeft zijn de bepalingen inzake het vrij verkeer van werknemers niet van toepassing. De nationale regeling mag echter ingezetenen en niet-ingezetenen niet verschillend behandelen. De verwijzende rechter dient te beoordelen of aan deze voorwaarde wordt voldaan.