Various of our academic board analysed employment law cases from last year. |
Zoekresultaat: 61 artikelen
Case Law |
2022/1 EELC’s review of the year 2021 |
Tijdschrift | European Employment Law Cases, Aflevering 1 2022 |
Auteurs | Niklas Bruun, Filip Dorssemont, Zef Even e.a. |
Samenvatting |
Artikel |
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Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 1 2022 |
Trefwoorden | community safety, crime prevention, neighborhood inhabitants, Neighborhood Watch, police |
Auteurs | Thom Snaphaan, Lieven Pauwels en Wim Hardyns |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
The rise of the internet and social media has important consequences for the way we interact, communicate and access information. This has repercussions for the police organization and also for the cooperation between police and citizens. One of these forms of cooperation between police and citizens are neighborhood watch (NW) projects (also known as ‘BINs’ in Belgium and ‘burgerwachten’ in the Netherlands). This study uses semi-structured interviews (n=380) in Belgium to examine how NW members and non-NW members perceive the effectiveness of both formal and informal NW projects and how the two relate to each other. The perceived effectiveness is assessed based on several criteria, including impact on crime, fear of crime, policing, and the relationship between police and citizens. |
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Tijdschrift | Netherlands Journal of Legal Philosophy, Aflevering 2 2021 |
Trefwoorden | SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, The state’s duty to protect, Duty to rescue, Responsibility, Solidarity |
Auteurs | Konstantinos A Papageorgiou |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
The article discusses a range of important normative questions raised by anti-COVID-19 measures and policies. Do governments have the right to impose such severe restrictions on individual freedom and furthermore do citizens have obligations vis-à-vis the state, others and themselves to accept such restrictions? I will argue that a democratic state may legitimately enforce publicly discussed, properly enacted and constitutionally tested laws and policies in order to protect its citizens from risks to life and limb. Even so, there is a natural limit, factual and normative, to what the state or a government can do in this respect. Citizens will also need to take it upon themselves not to harm and to protect others and in the context of a pandemic this means that endorsement of restrictions or other mandatory measures, notably vaccination, is not to be seen as a matter of personal preference concerning the supposedly inviolable sovereignty of one’s own body. |
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Tijdschrift | Erasmus Law Review, Aflevering 3 2021 |
Trefwoorden | intimate partner violence, stalking, protection orders, empowerment, safety, well-being |
Auteurs | Irma W.M. Cleven |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This study uses a novel approach to understand the experience and meaning of unsafety and the contribution of penal protection orders to victim empowerment in cases of intimate partner violence (IPV). In ten in-depth interviews, IPV survivors reflect on their relationship with their ex-partner and the previous years in which the order against their ex-partner was issued, including its role within the wider process of coming to terms with IPV victimisation and moving on. Depending on expectations of protection orders (POs) enforcement and deterrence, POs enhance one’s safety-related self-efficacy and result in a sense of empowerment. Its meaning can be understood in terms of one’s power from the ex-partner, power to act, status vis-à-vis the offender and the wider community, care/help of the CJS, and unity/togetherness with the wider community. Several implications for theoretical and empirical research and practice are discussed. |
Artikel |
Constructief omgaan met conflicten en geschillenInleiding in probleemoplossend onderhandelen en bemiddelen |
Tijdschrift | Nederlands-Vlaams tijdschrift voor mediation en conflictmanagement, Aflevering 2 2021 |
Auteurs | Alain-Laurent Verbeke en Geert Vervaeke |
Auteursinformatie |
Artikel |
Daderschap in het antropoceen |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 1 2021 |
Trefwoorden | environmental crime, offenders, responsibilities, Anthropocene |
Auteurs | Lieselot Bisschop |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Past and present human activity lies at the basis of the unprecedented environmental crisis we face today. This article explores the drivers and dynamics that are directly and indirectly responsible for the environmental crisis in the Anthropocene by using a green and organizational criminology perspective and combining it with insights from perpetrator studies. Responsible actors and responsibilities are discussed on societal, organizational and individual level. Lessons are drawn on how existing insights in criminology can be challenged to better accommodate for the ecological challenges in the antropocene and on what that means for criminologists experiencing and researching the Anthropocene. |
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Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 1 2021 |
Trefwoorden | procedural fairness, cooperation, police, legitimacy |
Auteurs | Matthias van Hall |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Criminological research has emphasized the importance of procedural justice of authorities during encounters with citizens. Theory and prior research propose that the procedurally just treatment by the police influences, possibly via legitimacy, citizens’ willingness to cooperate with authorities in the criminal justice chain. This article tests the hypotheses of procedural justice theory using Dutch data of the European Social Survey (N=1,616). The results show an association between the procedurally just treatment of citizens by the police and cooperation with criminal justice authorities. However, this association has not been explained by the legitimacy of the police. |
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Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid, Aflevering 2 2021 |
Trefwoorden | Fear of crime, avoidance behavior, fake news, traditional media, social media |
Auteurs | Birte Vandaele, Thom Snaphaan en Wim Hardyns |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
The media are a main source of information on crime for citizens. Prior research shows that media and fear of crime are not independent of each other. Since fake news is spread through (social) media, the question arises what the relationship is between (perceived) fake news and fear of crime. To date, no large-scale representative research has been conducted on this topic. This study is based on a representative population survey (n = 1566) from 2019. This exploratory study shows a small but significant relation between the perceived prevalence of fake news and fear of crime. |
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Boulevard Zuid in Rotterdam: een onderzoek naar het vertrouwen van winkeliers in politie en gemeente |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid, Aflevering 4 2020 |
Trefwoorden | shopkeepers, procedural justice, the Netherlands, ethnic minorities, performance theory |
Auteurs | Marc Schuilenburg, Laura Messie en Darnell de Vries |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In this article, we analyze which aspects of performance theory and the procedural justice-based model are explaining the trust of shopkeepers in the police and local government. Utilizing a survey of 156 shopkeepers and 94 semi-constructed interviews with shopkeepers, which are located at the South Shopping Boulevard in Rotterdam (The Netherlands), the study finds that shopkeepers have a relatively high trust in the police and local government. This is surprising because various attempts in the past 30 years to revive the high street by the government have failed to improve its bad image, as dwindling visitor numbers, poor turnover, limited range of retailers, empty shops and high crime and offence levels show only too plainly. The findings also highlight that ethnic minority respondents have more trust in local government than Dutch shopkeepers. The explanation therefor is sought in the dual frame of reference theory. |
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Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid, Aflevering 2-3 2020 |
Trefwoorden | reporting behavior, crime, citizen participation, psychological drivers, response efficacy |
Auteurs | Wendy Schreurs |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Reports by citizens are a great source of information for the police. Local residents often know well what is going on in their neighborhood and which situations are suspicious. In this study, an online survey was conducted to investigate what drives citizens to report to the police. A wide range of individual, social and institutional drivers were explored. The results show that the more often people have reported anything to the police in the past, the higher their risk perception, self-efficacy, citizen participation and police legitimacy. Furthermore, participants with a higher degree of self-efficacy, response efficacy, trust in the police and police legitimacy appeared to be more willing to report in the future. An open question regarding what motivates people the most to report show that response efficacy (the idea to what extent reporting has an effect on increasing safety and reducing crime) and altruistic values (justice, to help society and punish the perpetrators) were mentioned most frequently. |
Case Law |
2020/1 EELC’s review of the year 2019 |
Tijdschrift | European Employment Law Cases, Aflevering 1 2020 |
Auteurs | Ruben Houweling, Daiva Petrylaitė, Peter Schöffmann e.a. |
Samenvatting |
Various of our academic board analysed employment law cases from last year. However, first, we start with some general remarks. |
Artikel |
Waarom is er verschil in jeugdoverlast tussen buurten?Een ‘mixed method’-onderzoek naar de voorspellende waarde van buurtkenmerken in relatie tot jeugdoverlast |
Tijdschrift | PROCES, Aflevering 5 2019 |
Trefwoorden | sociale desorganisatie, Jeugdoverlast, Hangplek, vrije tijd |
Auteurs | Floris Bots MSc en Dr. Joris Beijers |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
The matter for this research is the request from the municipality of Eindhoven to map youth nuisance in the city of Eindhoven and to find explanations for differences between neighborhoods in order to provide policy makers with guidance. Quantitative and qualitative methods tested the social disorganization theory. Factors that may explain youth nuisance are a high degree of ethnic heterogeneity, low neighborhood participation and a high level of physical deterioration. In addition, youngsters who have unstructured leisure time prefer a place to hang out where there is no social control. Policy makers can use these insights to design their neighborhoods. |
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Wie heeft een wiethok op zolder?Een kwantitatief onderzoek naar risico- en beschermende factoren op persoons- en buurtniveau voor illegale hennepplantages in woningen |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 1 2019 |
Trefwoorden | indoor cannabis cultivation, risk factors, individuals, neighbourhoods |
Auteurs | Emily Berger MSc, Vera de Berk MSc, Dr. Joris Beijers e.a. |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Illegal weed cultivation is increasingly perceived as an important societal problem. Most of existing research in this area focuses on the criminal organisations active on the cannabis market and the criminal profits that are gained here. The current study however focuses on the actors at the bottom of the cannabis market – the home growers – and aims at answering the following research question: what factors influence the chance of encountering an illegal weed cultivation at a certain residential address? In this study, the risk and protecting factors are taken into consideration on both the individual level (e.g. family composition and financial position of residents) and the neighbourhood level (e.g. social cohesion, physical disorganisation, level of criminality in a certain neighbourhood). In the current study, data of 401 illegal hemp cultivation sites discovered between 2011 and 2016 in homes in Eindhoven, the Netherlands, were analysed. Data from various quantitative data sources – like municipal data (BRP and data from the Social Domain) and data from the municipal neighbourhood monitors – were combined and analysed through a multilevel logistic regression. The results suggest that the likelihood of an illegal weed cultivation site is most prominently influenced by individual factors. Being married for instance seems to decrease the risk, whereas being divorced seems to increase the risk. The housing type also turns out to be of influence. On a neighbourhood level, physical disorganisation and the presence of other hemp cultivation sites in the neighbourhood are the only predictors for hemp cultivation. The results are discussed in the light of criminological theories regarding participation in crime, using the theoretical concepts motivation, opportunity, and control. |
Artikel |
Graven naar de wortels van onveiligheidsgevoelensResultaten van een onderzoek in twaalf buurten |
Tijdschrift | Justitiële verkenningen, Aflevering 6 2018 |
Trefwoorden | fear of crime, tailor-made policy, neighborhoods, avoidance behavior, social stability |
Auteurs | Dr. Remco Spithoven |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
The aim of this article is to search for a more focused approach of fighting back against ‘the fear of crime’. It is based on a study of the backgrounds of risen levels of fear of crime in twelve neighborhoods in the regions of Utrecht and Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Eight central themes could be identified in the stories of 240 respondents: specific locations, avoidance behavior, social stability, social quality, superdiversity, negative neighborhood images, burglary, and societal pessimism. Despite the fact that these central themes appeared in the overall analysis, every neighborhood showed another mix of factors explaining risen levels of fear of crime. This means that policies to reduce ‘the fear of crime’ should focus on specific, local explanations and should always be tailor-made. |
Artikel |
Waarom het onderzoek naar veiligheidsbeleving een nieuwe impuls nodig heeft |
Tijdschrift | Justitiële verkenningen, Aflevering 6 2018 |
Trefwoorden | fear of crime, critique, fear reduction, security policy, fear drop |
Auteurs | Marnix Eysink Smeets |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
The security landscape has changed rapidly. New or revived threats have emerged, such as terrorism and cybercrime, bringing new or revived fears and anxieties as well. Actors in security policy feel a need to address these fears, but do not know how. Can the criminological subdiscipline of fear of crime studies provide the knowledge and understanding that is needed? A quick scan of the state of the art in this research domain, gives two reasons why it cannot: (1) fear of crime studies have yielded much knowledge on operationalization, measurement and determinants of fear of crime, but far less in mechanisms, trends, effects and influenceability, whereas insight in the latter issues is what is mostly needed in security policy; and (2) fear of crime studies are still mainly focused on the ‘traditional’ fear of crime, while fear of new crimes and threats remains under-researched. A shift of focus in fear of crime studies is urgently needed. |
Artikel |
Determinanten en motivaties voor intentie tot aangifte na slachtofferschap van cybercrime |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid, Aflevering 1-2 2018 |
Trefwoorden | Cybercriminaliteit, Slachtofferschap, Aangiftebereidheid, Politie |
Auteurs | Lisanne Jong, Rutger Leukfeldt en Steve van de Weijer |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This study focusses on determinants of willingness to report cybercrime to the police or to other organizations and motivations for (not) reporting victimization. In this study, a questionnaire containing vignettes is used. Vignettes are semi-experimental designs in which hypothetical situations are presented and certain factors can be manipulated between and within respondents. Factors that are measured within the vignettes are the type and seriousness of the offence, the relationship between offender and victim and which possibilities for reporting the offence are available. |
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Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 1 2018 |
Trefwoorden | Theoretical innovation, Scientific revolutions, Power-knowledge complex, Sensitising theory, Integrative theory |
Auteurs | Prof. dr. René van Swaaningen en Dr. mr. Marc Schuilenburg |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This article starts off with an exposé of what ‘theoretical innovation’ means in the social sciences. The development of criminology is considered to be a result of (1) historical and cultural developments, (2) political-economic developments, (3) developments in other academic disciplines and (4) reactions to or specifications of other theoretical perspectives in criminology itself. Paradigm shifts in criminology are characterised by an individualistic and positivist aetiological turn in its early days; a sociological turn towards a ‘criminology of the lawmaker’ from the late 1950s on; and a return to positivism in the neoliberal and neoconservative turn of the 1990s. The new century ushers in a new epistemological break in criminology, in which globalisation, global warming, migration, human rights and the implications of cyberspace ‘force’ criminologists to overcome their anthropocentric and colonial character biases. |
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Tijdschrift | Erasmus Law Review, Aflevering 1 2018 |
Auteurs | Joel E. Correia Ph.D. |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This paper examines three Inter-American Court (IACtHR) cases on behalf of the Enxet-Sur and Sanapana claims for communal territory in Paraguay. I argue that while the adjudication of the cases was successful, the aftereffects of adjudication have produced new legal geographies that threaten to undermine the advances made by adjudication. Structured in five parts, the paper begins with an overview of the opportunities and challenges to Indigenous rights in Paraguay followed by a detailed discussion of the adjudication of the Yakye Axa, Sawhoyamaxa, and Xákmok Kásek cases. Next, I draw from extensive ethnographic research investigating these cases in Paraguay to consider how implementation actually takes place and with what effects on the three claimant communities. The paper encourages a discussion between geographers and legal scholars, suggesting that adjudication only leads to greater social justice if it is coupled with effective and meaningful implementation. |
Artikel |
Verstoorde veiligheidsbelevingIn gesprek met buurtbewoners over de ‘onveiligheid’ in hun buurt naar aanleiding van gestegen ‘gevoelens van onveiligheid’ |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid, Aflevering 4 2017 |
Trefwoorden | fear of crime, qualitative analysis, evidence based policy |
Auteurs | Remco Spithoven |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
The ‘fear of crime’ is a buzzword among citizens, media, politicians and professionals by now. But the phenomenon seems to be as intangible as it is important. The struggle of professionals with this concept is the result of a too wide and self-evident problem definition. This article contains an alternative approach. The focus is on disturbed fear of crime: a negatively changed and problematically experienced fear of crime on the level of the neighborhood. |
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Tijdschrift | Erasmus Law Review, Aflevering 2 2017 |
Trefwoorden | Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information, exercise of regulatory authority, due process requirements, peer review reports, legitimacy |
Auteurs | Leo E.C. Neve |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
The Global Forum on transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes has undertaken peer reviews on the implementation of the global standard of exchange of information on request, both from the perspective of formalities available and from the perspective of actual implementation. In the review reports Global Forum advises jurisdictions on required amendments of regulations and practices. With these advices, the Global Forum exercises regulatory authority. The article assesses the legitimacy of the exercise of such authority by the Global Forum and concludes that the exercise of such authority is not legitimate for the reason that the rule of law is abused by preventing jurisdictions to adhere to due process rules. |