In this article, we focus on how the education system can be used to promote equality in the context of changing people’s hearts and minds – values, morals and mindsets. The duties contained in the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act 4 of 2000 (‘Equality Act’) bind private and public schools, educators, learners, governing bodies and the state. The Equality Act calls on the state and all persons to promote substantive equality, but the relevant sections in the Equality Act have not been given effect yet, and are therefore currently not enforceable. We set out how the duty to promote equality should be concretised in the Equality Act to inter alia use the education system to promote equality in schools; in other words, how should an enforceable duty to promote equality in schools be fashioned in terms of the Equality Act. Should the relevant sections relating to the promotion of equality come into effect in their current form, enforcement of the promotion of equality will take the form of obliging schools to draft action plans and submit these to the South African Human Rights Commission. We deem this approach inadequate and therefore propose certain amendments to the Equality Act to allow for a more sensible monitoring of schools’ duty to promote equality. We explain how the duty to promote equality should then play out practically in the classroom to facilitate a change in learners’ hearts and minds. |
Zoekresultaat: 226 artikelen
Article |
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Tijdschrift | Erasmus Law Review, Aflevering 3 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Transformative pedagogy, equality legislation, promotion of equality, law reform, using law to change hearts and minds |
Auteurs | Anton Kok, Lwando Xaso, Annalize Steenekamp e.a. |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Artikel |
Mediation in strafzaken: de werkstijl is de methodeReflecties op de praktijk |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Herstelrecht, Aflevering 3 2020 |
Trefwoorden | strafzaken, mediation, mediatorprofiel, mediationproces, psychologische veiligheid |
Auteurs | Makiri Mual |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Since the beginning of 2020 mediation in penal cases (mediation in strafzaken) has officially become the preferred intervention for victim-offender mediation in the criminal procedure in the Netherlands. Although mediation in general has a sound theoretical framework, the methodological elaboration appears pluriform and somewhat limited. In practice mediators in penal cases operate conform their own personal and professional standards and preferences, apparently without tailor made methodology. This article describes the current methodological directions such as transformative or narrative mediation and seeks for useful references. As a part of restorative practice, mediation in penal cases seems to remain secluded from insights and methodology developed in the domain of restorative justice practices. Educational institutes providing trainings for mediators barely refer to this theoretical framework. Besides a methodological reconnaissance this article offers a fundamental comparison of mediation styles and interventions, but is above all an incentive to further methodological research and development. |
Artikel |
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Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Herstelrecht, Aflevering 3 2020 |
Trefwoorden | institutioneel misbruik en geweld, responsmodellen, rooms-katholieke kerk, Centrum voor Arbitrage inzake seksueel misbruik, Permanente Arbitragekamer |
Auteurs | Ivo Aertsen en Martien Schotsmans |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In this article, an analysis is made of two response models for different forms of abuse and violence that occurred in the past on children in institutional settings. Two programmes are compared, as they operated during last 10 years in Belgium: on the one hand the Centre of Arbitration for sexual abuse and violence in the Catholic Church at the national level, on the other hand the Commission for Recognition and Mediation for various types of abuse and violence in youth and educational institutions and other organisational contexts in the Flemish Community. Both models are analysed and compared at the conceptual and empirical level from a restorative justice approach, looking at the elements that may reveal a certain form of restorative justice and/or may contain lessons for the further development of restorative justice. The background and origins of both programmes are presented into detail, followed by a comparison with respect to the political options on the basis of their creation, the composition of their boards, their scope of application and their procedures. Some numbers and characteristics of cases dealt with are presented. |
Artikel |
Leren van evaluatiesDe fitness check van het Europees consumentenrecht |
Tijdschrift | RegelMaat, Aflevering 5 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Betere regelgeving, Evaluaties, Europese beleidscyclus, Europese Commissie |
Auteurs | Dr. E.A.G. van Schagen LLM |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
De ervaringen met de fitness check van het Europees consumentenrecht laten zien hoe de richtlijnen voor fitness checks in de Richtsnoeren voor Betere Regelgeving in de praktijk worden gebracht. Een fitness check beoogt, onder meer, om consistentie en coherentie te verbeteren, en zou informatie moeten verzamelen over de gezamenlijke impact van maatregelen. Hoewel de Nederlandse wetgever niet heeft aangegeven fitness checks te willen invoeren, zijn de ervaringen met de fitness check van het consumentenrecht toch interessant voor de Nederlandse wetgever. In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op wat kan worden geleerd van de ervaringen met de fitness check van het Europees consumentenrecht. |
Artikel |
Een portret van het slachtoffer in het Tijdschrift voor Herstelrecht |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Herstelrecht, Aflevering 4 2020 |
Trefwoorden | slachtoffer, basisbehoeften, sociaal construct, wraakzuchtig slachtoffer |
Auteurs | Alice Bosma |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
‘The victim’ is an important figure in restorative justice, but who is this victim? In this article, I will review articles published in this journal between 2005 and 2019 in order to establish the characteristics of victims recognized in the field of restorative justice. It first needs to be noted that there is not one homogeneous victim group. The diversity in victims and their needs calls for research investigating when, for whom, and under which circumstances restorative justice practices lead to victim satisfaction. Many articles reviewed address this question. When I nevertheless try to extract an ideal type of victim of restorative justice, it seems that the victim is agentic and resilient, expresses a wide range of emotions, prioritizes reparation over punitive measures and is overall very satisfied with the restorative justice practice. |
Artikel |
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Tijdschrift | Netherlands Journal of Legal Philosophy, Aflevering 2 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Judicial independence, Rule of law, Judicial ethics, Hungary, Criminalization of homelessness |
Auteurs | Petra Gyöngyi |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This article examines the tension between the constitutional obligation of judges to uphold rules of positive law and possibly conflicting standards of conduct arising from professional-ethical values. The theoretical analysis will be illustrated by the case of Hungary, an EU member state experiencing rule of law challenges since 2010 and where the 2018-2019 criminalization of homelessness exemplifies the studied tension. Inspired by the theories of Philip Selznick and Martin Krygier, rule of law will be viewed as a value that requires progressive realization and context-specific implementation. By contextualizing the relevant Hungarian constitutional framework with the content of the judicial code of ethics and judicial practice, it will be shown how the legitimate space for Hungarian judges to distance themselves from legislation possibly in conflict with rule of law values is reduced. Theoretical suggestions for addressing such rule of law regressions will be made. |
Article |
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Tijdschrift | Erasmus Law Review, Aflevering 1 2020 |
Trefwoorden | age limits, dynamic legal position, children’s rights, maturity, evolving capacities |
Auteurs | Stephanie Rap, Eva Schmidt en Ton Liefaard |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In this article a critical reflection upon age limits applied in the law is provided, in light of the tension that exists in international children’s rights law between the protection of children and the recognition of their evolving autonomy. The main research question that will be addressed is to what extent the use of (certain) age limits is justified under international children’s rights law. The complexity of applying open norms and theoretically underdeveloped concepts as laid down in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, related to the development and evolving capacities of children as rights holders, will be demonstrated. The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child struggles to provide comprehensive guidance to states regarding the manner in which the dynamic legal position of children should be applied in practice. The inconsistent application of age limits that govern the involvement of children in judicial procedures provides states leeway in granting children autonomy, potentially leading to the establishment of age limits based on inappropriate – practically, politically or ideologically motivated – grounds. |
Artikel |
Ethiek, liberalisme en gemeenschapEnkele gedachten over herstelrecht en zorgethiek |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Herstelrecht, Aflevering 2 2020 |
Trefwoorden | ethiek, liberalisme, gemeenschap, communitarisme, zorgethiek |
Auteurs | Pieter De Witte |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This article considers Christopher D. Marshall’s proposal to draw a connection between the ethics of care and restorative justice. The ethics of care tradition is critical of the modern liberal interpretation of morality as a rational endeavor based on universal principles. The article attempts to spell out the ethical and political implications of adopting this fundamental viewpoint in the context of restorative justice. On the ethical level, the ethics of care may remind the tradition of restorative justice of its essential reliance on the concrete moral practices and competences of people that precede any conceptualized normative ethics. On the political level, an ethics of care approach to restorative justice seems to lead to a certain deadlock in that it fails (and refuses) to offer a rational justification of restorative justice practices. On a closer look, the ethics of care can provide such a justification, be it a ‘communitarian’ one. |
Artikel |
Het verhaal gaat …Een positief criminologische visie op radicalisering |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Herstelrecht, Aflevering 1 2020 |
Trefwoorden | positieve criminologie, polarisatie, staircase model, continuum of violence, typologie van geweld |
Auteurs | Anneke van Hoek |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
The first part of this article presents three academic theories on radicalisation: Moghaddam’s staircase model of radicalisation, Galtung’s typology of violence (direct, structural and cultural violence), and Staub’s psycho-educative approach. The core of Staub’s approach is that in conflict periods, people can be psychologically manipulated through their own fears, insecurities and unresolved traumas. Therefore, psycho-education and the empowerment of people are highly necessary to stimulate citizens to function as active bystanders when they are confronted with wrongdoing. In the second part of this article some promising approaches are presented which might increase personal and social resilience. The role of narratives in understanding experiences and changing identities is discussed. Radio La Benevolencija in Rwanda uses the power of storytelling to stimulate resilience among the population. In the concluding paragraph a two-pronged strategy on radicalization is presented. This positive criminological perspective aims to promote active bystandership, participation and resilience. |
Artikel |
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Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid, Aflevering 2-3 2020 |
Trefwoorden | reporting behavior, crime, citizen participation, psychological drivers, response efficacy |
Auteurs | Wendy Schreurs |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Reports by citizens are a great source of information for the police. Local residents often know well what is going on in their neighborhood and which situations are suspicious. In this study, an online survey was conducted to investigate what drives citizens to report to the police. A wide range of individual, social and institutional drivers were explored. The results show that the more often people have reported anything to the police in the past, the higher their risk perception, self-efficacy, citizen participation and police legitimacy. Furthermore, participants with a higher degree of self-efficacy, response efficacy, trust in the police and police legitimacy appeared to be more willing to report in the future. An open question regarding what motivates people the most to report show that response efficacy (the idea to what extent reporting has an effect on increasing safety and reducing crime) and altruistic values (justice, to help society and punish the perpetrators) were mentioned most frequently. |
Artikel |
Gluren bij de burenWat kunnen we leren over samenwerken op basis van de Vlaamse ervaringen met Family Justice Centers? |
Tijdschrift | PROCES, Aflevering 3 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Family Justice Center, domestic violence, child abuse, Collaboration |
Auteurs | Prof. dr. Janine Janssen, Drs. Karlijn Juncker, Teun Haans MSc e.a. |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Issues regarding domestic violence and abuse of children are considered to be complex phenomena. Often ecological models are used in order to explain that on different levels – societal, group and individual – factors that are of influence. With some of these aspects can be dealt, while others are more complex to influence. In practice professionals with different disciplinary backgrounds need to collaborate in order to be of assistance to families in need. As a model for collaboration so-called Family Justice Centers (FJC) have been developed. This concept originated in the United States and is nowadays also adopted in Europe. In the Netherlands there is a lot of interest in these FJC’s. In this contribution the impression of two visits two FJC’s in neighboring region Flanders (Belgium) is described. What can we learn from their experiences? What are the challenges of international comparisons of forms of policies and collaborations regarding the care for families and children? |
Boekbespreking |
C. Blankman, ‘Maatwerk bij juridische ondersteuning en bescherming van ouderen’ |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Gezondheidsrecht, Aflevering 2 2020 |
Auteurs | Prof. mr. A.C. Hendriks |
Auteursinformatie |
Artikel |
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Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 1 2020 |
Trefwoorden | protection order, victim, safety perception, vulnerability, procedural justice |
Auteurs | Irma Cleven MSc PhD, Tamar Fischer MSc en Prof. mr. Sanne Struijk |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This study describes how penal protection orders contribute to victim perceptions of safety, drawing upon data collected via a victim survey (n=101). Perceived victim safety is explored based on the factors of personal vulnerability, procedural justice, and experiences with compliance and enforcement. Results show that more than half of the victims in this study does not feel safer because of the protection order. The effects of the orders are even weaker for feelings of relaxation and feelings of anger about the situation. An increase in perceptions of control over the situation appears to be the most important predictor of an increase in feelings of safety and a decrease in feelings of anger, but is unrelated to an increase in feelings of relaxation. The effect of procedural justice differs per outcome measure. It is associated positively with increased feelings of safety, but negatively with decreased feelings of anger because of the protection order. The positive association with feelings of safety is partly indirect via personal vulnerability. Findings result in various suggestions for future research. |
Artikel |
De kracht van verbindingEen kwalitatief onderzoek naar de rol van lotgenotencontact voor nabestaanden van zware verkeersdelicten |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 1 2020 |
Trefwoorden | peer support, co-victims, traffic offenses, Big Two, narratives |
Auteurs | Dr. Pauline Aarten, Pien van de Ven MSc en Rik Ceulen MSc |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
For co-victims of severe traffic offenses in the Netherlands, peer support is offered. However, no research into the meaning of peer support for this specific group of victims has been conducted. In this study, nineteen narrative interviews with co-victims of traffic offenses were collected. These interviews show that through dialogue and the sharing of experiences, as well as the care and support for each other, peer support offers the possibility to work on the meaning-making of the traffic offense and its aftermath. The article ends with policy implications and steps for follow-up research. |
Discussie |
Victimologie en corruptie: over de slachtoffers van een (al dan niet) slachtofferloos delictEen multidisciplinaire verkenning |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 1 2020 |
Trefwoorden | bribery, corruption, victims, victimless crimes, victim identification |
Auteurs | Suzanne van Dijk MSc en Mr. drs. Moniek Hutten |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
There is no clear answer to the question if corruption makes victims. Currently an (international) discussion is taking place about this matter. On the one hand it can be discussed that corruption in general does not know any direct victims and that corruption can even take place without any damage. On the other hand it is known that corruption can cause tremendous public and financial damage, with society as a whole as the victim of this crime, whether or not in primary gradation. In the underlying article these two perspectives will be discussed and applied on two cases. Special attention will also be paid to the impact and relevance of pointing out the victims. |
Recent |
Nieuwe voorzitter L4L zet in op empowerment |
Tijdschrift | Advocatenblad, Aflevering 2 2020 |
Auteurs | Tatiana Scheltema |
Artikel |
Europese Hof? Ervaring gewenst! |
Tijdschrift | Advocatenblad, Aflevering 2 2020 |
Auteurs | Petra Jonkers |
Article |
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Tijdschrift | Erasmus Law Review, Aflevering 2 2019 |
Trefwoorden | public policy, dissemination, governance, open access, repositories |
Auteurs | Nikos Koutras |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
To address the potential of public policy on the governance of OARs it is necessary to define what is meant by public policy and the importance of public policy in designing an efficient governance framework. Critical components are the subject matter of public policy and its objectives. Hence, it is useful to consider declarations, policies and statements in relation to open access practice and examine the efficiency of these arrangements towards the improvement of stakeholders’ engagement in governance of OARs. Secondly, policies relating to dissemination of scientific information via OARs should be examined. In this regard, it is relevant to consider the public policy basis for Intellectual Property (IP) laws that concerning the utility of OARs. Therefore, economic theories relevant with the role of IP laws should be examined. Such examination depicts to what extend these laws facilitate the utility of OARs. In order to specify justifications for the desirability of OARs the objectives of social theories should be also considered. Thus, there is consternation that without legal protection against copying the incentive to create intellectual property will be undermined. As scholarly communication infrastructure evolves, it is necessary to recognize the efforts of the relationship between Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) and communication technologies in the context of public policy and after engagement with it. After employing such multilevel approach, the paper argues about a socio-economic framework to enhance the governance of OARs through public policy. |
Artikel |
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Tijdschrift | Afwikkeling Personenschade, Aflevering 3 2019 |
Trefwoorden | Personenschade, X – Y = Schade, Kinderen, Zorgschade, Herstelgericht schaderegelen |
Auteurs | Mr. J.M. Tromp |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Als jonge kinderen ernstig en blijvend letsel oplopen, lijdt het hele gezin schade. Herstelgericht schaderegelen is dan aan de orde. Daar ligt een taak voor verzekeraars, met name ten aanzien van de zorgschade. Een voorbeeld zal worden uitgewerkt. Praktische problemen genoeg. Een nieuw dilemma dient zich aan: regelen of openhouden? |
PROCESperikelen |
Contact-Café: een ontmoeting tussen ‘binnen’ en ‘buiten’ |
Tijdschrift | PROCES, Aflevering 6 2019 |
Auteurs | Swanny Kremer, Esther Lammers en Jeannette van der Meijde |
Auteursinformatie |