Deze bijdrage stelt de vraag centraal hoe buitenwettelijke kwalificatie-uitsluitingsgronden kunnen bijdragen aan het voorkomen van onvoorzienbare strafrechtelijke aansprakelijkstelling. Daartoe wordt onderscheid gemaakt tussen een rechtsbelangenbenadering en een Typizitäts-benadering van kwalificatie-uitsluitingsgronden en beargumenteerd dat de Typizitäts-benadering toegevoegde waarde hebben voor de rechtsbescherming. Vervolgens wordt de Typizitäts-gedachte bestudeerd vanuit het perspectief van de prototypetheorie, die beschrijft hoe mensen categoriseren op basis van vergelijking met een prototype. Deze bijdrage poogt de implicaties van die theorie voor de kwalificatie-uitsluitingsgronden te doordenken.

In this article a framework is provided for the design and implementation of exit programmes used in prisons and by probation services. These programmes are targeted at violent extremist (ex-)offenders and are used for the purpose of deradicalisation or disengagement and support the successful reintegration of (ex-)offenders back into society. Based on a review of scientific and practice-oriented literature six categories of standards and practices are described. An exit programme needs to be tailored to the context in which it is used and to the risks and needs of the individual. In addition to various other aspects, earlier attention for reintegration and the active involvement of an (ex-)offender’s social environment are crucial in an exit progamme.

The regular legal framework in the Netherlands stipulates that criminal cases against young adults are dealt with under adult criminal law. In 2014 the maximum age limit for application of juvenile criminal law was raised to 23 years if the suspect or the circumstances of the offence give reason to do so. This so called ‘adolescent criminal law’ is based on the observation that incomplete neuro-psychosocial development can contribute to the continuation of criminal behaviour. There is lack of clarity in the criterion ‘incomplete development’. Different screening instruments are used. Since development continues, it is more meaningful to ask the question whether and to what extent there is a developmental delay, whether the adolescent can and wants to develop further and whether the treatment and interventions from the juvenile criminal law can be helpful in this regard. This calls for a legal principle of ‘juvenile criminal law unless’.

Een denkfout (of bias) ontstaat wanneer mensen op basis van aannames onbewust een verkeerde conclusie trekken. Onder toezichthouders (N_totaal = 339) is onderzocht in hoeverre zij een potentiële ‘blinde vlek’ vertonen voor hun eigen denkfouten en hoe deze blinde vlek kan worden beïnvloed. Uit dit onderzoek bleek dat toezichthouders inderdaad inschatten dat denkfouten meer bij anderen voorkomen dan bij henzelf, en dat zelfwaargenomen objectiviteit deze blinde vlek kan vergroten. Ook bleek dat toezichthouders die waakzamer zijn in mindere mate een blinde vlek hebben voor hun eigen denkfouten. Toezichthouders geruststellen over het risico op denkfouten in de besluitvorming maakte hen juist minder waakzaam.

While research has increasingly focused on the role of digitalisation in prisoners’ detention experiences, the impact of the digitalisation of the prison regime on the discretionary power of prison officers has been understudied. By using an ethnographic approach in one digital Belgian prison, qualitative interview data are used to investigate the prison officer’s coping strategies in response to the digitalisation of prison life. It is found that the gatekeeping role of prison officer’s has been partly stripped away but also that the impact of digitalisation on the prison officer’s discretionary power depends on how digital technologies are implemented. Moreover, the study reveals that not all official goals regarding the digitalisation are met and highlights the need of supporting prison officers when implementing new technologies in prison.

Previous research has shown that gruesome evidence influences guilt decisions. Several scholars have put forward that the emotional response to gruesome evidence drives this effect. The current systematic review aims to critically scrutinize the current literature on this underlying emotion mechanism, by reviewing studies on the potential mediating role of emotion. A synthesis of the literature suggests that specific emotions have different effects: disgust shows a mediating effect, fear and sadness do not, whereas the effect of anger is inconsistent. The question remains whether an emotional effect is desirable in the courtroom. Recommendations for future research and the legal practice are made.

Life in prison goes hand in hand with far-reaching restrictions in the personal autonomy of offenders. Lack of personal autonomy and the coercion to perform certain actions disrupt the ‘normal’ intrinsic experiences of voluntary action (i.e. sense of agency). Disturbances in the neurocognitive basis of voluntary action have a number of clear effects on human functioning, including self-reliance. This paper provides a first analysis of the relationship between personal autonomy and the intrinsic experience of voluntary action, and how this may be the key to understanding how freedom restrictions in detention can reduce self-reliance.

Om oneerlijke gedragingen van grote online platforms te beteugelen en de betwistbaarheid op digitale markten te vergroten, heeft de Europese Commissie de Wet inzake digitale markten (DMA) voorgesteld.
In dit artikel onderzoeken we in hoeverre het wetsvoorstel bescherming biedt aan zowel zakelijke gebruikers als eindgebruikers van grote online platforms. Hoewel het lijkt alsof de belangen van eindgebruikers minder aandacht krijgen in het voorstel, stellen we vast dat zij zowel direct als indirect baat hebben bij de bepalingen. Desalniettemin stellen we ook vast dat het voorstel een kans heeft laten liggen om eindgebruikers verder te beschermen.

Suspects with a Mild Intellectual Disability (hereafter: MID) are over-represented in the criminal justice system. Is the right to a fair trial of these vulnerable suspects sufficiently guaranteed in the modernized Dutch Code of Criminal Procedure? To this end, it is first of all important that the MID is recognized by legal professionals in the criminal justice system. In this way, the suspect with an MID can be treated and interrogated in the right way, which can, for example, prevent making a false statement. Secondly, it is important that the compensatory and remedial measures that professionals may take according to the modernization are clarified. The professionals should know in which phase of the criminal proceeding they should apply certain measures. Finally, the question arises whether the addition of a lawyer is the most important measure to compensate the suspect with an MID for his disability.