The article analyses the jurisprudence of international tribunals on the education and housing of Roma and Travellers to understand whether positive obligations can change the hearts and minds of the majority and promote minority identities. Case law on education deals with integration rather than cultural specificities, while in the context of housing it accommodates minority needs. Positive obligations have achieved a higher level of compliance in the latter context by requiring majorities to tolerate the minority way of life in overwhelmingly segregated settings. Conversely, little seems to have changed in education, where legal and institutional reform, as well as a shift in both majority and minority attitudes, would be necessary to dismantle social distance and generate mutual trust. The interlocking factors of accessibility, judicial activism, European politics, expectations of political allegiance and community resources explain jurisprudential developments. The weak justiciability of minority rights, the lack of resources internal to the community and dual identities among the Eastern Roma impede legal claims for culture-specific accommodation in education. Conversely, the protection of minority identity and community ties is of paramount importance in the housing context, subsumed under the right to private and family life. |
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Tijdschrift | Erasmus Law Review, Aflevering 3 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Roma, Travellers, positive obligations, segregation, culturally adequate accommodation |
Auteurs | Lilla Farkas en Theodoros Alexandridis |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
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Tijdschrift | Justitiële verkenningen, Aflevering 2 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Corona crisis, crime opportunities, fraud, scenarios, future development |
Auteurs | Dr. Clarissa Meerts en Dr. Wim Huisman |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This contribution contains several concrete examples of ‘Corona crime’ thereby showing how the current crisis is creating new opportunities for committing crimes. The authors revert to an analysis framework that was previously used to interpret new forms of crime during the banking crisis. It consists of four scenarios that are briefly described. The future will have to show what effects the corona pandemic has had on fraud and other financial and economic crime. |
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Tijdschrift | Boom Strafblad, Aflevering 1 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Kinderrechten, Jeugdstrafrecht, General Comment No. 24, Leeftijdsgrenzen |
Auteurs | Mr. dr. Y.N. (Yannick) van den Brink en Prof. mr. E.M. (Isabeth) Mijnarends |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Het VN-Kinderrechtencomité heeft recentelijk zijn nieuwe General Comment No. 24 gepubliceerd over kinderrechten in het jeugdstrafrecht. Deze bijdrage verkent de mogelijke implicaties van dit General Comment voor het Nederlandse jeugdstrafrecht, aan de hand van interviews met professionals uit de jeugdstrafrechtspraktijk. Hierbij wordt specifiek aandacht besteed aan de minimumleeftijdsgrens voor jeugdstrafrechtelijke aansprakelijkheid en de buitengerechtelijke afdoening van jeugdstrafzaken (‘diversion’). Ook wordt in bredere zin gereflecteerd op de potentiële meerwaarde van het IVRK en General Comment No. 24 voor het Nederlandse jeugdstrafrecht. |
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Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 2 2019 |
Trefwoorden | crimes of the powerful, white collar crime, hate crime, eco crime, ‘lawful but awful’ |
Auteurs | Prof. dr. René van Swaaningen |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Criminologists have by and large sought to explain crime by the deficiencies people may have. It took till the 1970s until the idea that crime can also be caused by structural power inequalities got an actual name in criminology: crimes of the powerful. Starting with the works of Willem Bonger and Edward Ross in the early 20th century, the author analyses how critical criminologists like Frank Pearce introduced the term ‘crimes of the powerful’ in the 1970s and how this concept was subsequently applied to gender- and racial inequalities, state crime, corruption et cetera, whilst pointing at the topical relevance of using a lens of ‘crimes of the powerful’ as a sensitising concept to analyse present-day problems, ranging from sexual abuse in the Roman Catholic church to the banking sector or indeed the expropriation of indigenous lands in the Amazon by soy-farmers and timber traders. |
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Top-down and out?Reassessing the labelling approach in the light of corporate deviance |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 2 2019 |
Trefwoorden | labelling, corporate crime, moral entrepreneurs, peer group, late modernity |
Auteurs | Anna Merz M.A. |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Multi-national corporations are increasingly facing attention and disapproval by different actors, including authorities, public and (non-) commercial organizations. Digital globalization and especially social media as a low-cost, highly interactive and multidirectional platform shape a unique context for this rising attention. In the literature, much attention has been devoted to top-down approaches and strategies that corporations use to avoid stigmatization and sanctioning of their behaviour. Reactions to corporate harm are, however, seldom researched from a labelling perspective. As a result, corporations are not considered as objects towards whom labelling is targeted but rather as actors who hamper such processes and who, as moral entrepreneurs, influence which behaviour is labelled deviant. Based on theoretical analysis of literature and case studies, this article will discuss how the process of labelling has changed in light of the digitalized, late-modern society and consequently, how the process should be revisited to be applicable for corporate deviance. Given a diversification of moral entrepreneurs and increasingly dependency of labelling and meaning-making on the online sphere, two new forms of labelling are introduced that specifically target institutions; that is bottom-up and horizontal labelling. |
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Een schip op het strand is een baken in zeeOver de criminogene rol van bedrijven en overheden bij shipbreaking |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 1 2018 |
Trefwoorden | shipbreaking, state-corporate crime, environmental crime, case study, waste |
Auteurs | Jasmien Claeys MSc en Dr. Lieselot Bisschop |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Shipbreaking is the dismantling of discarded vessels to reuse parts and recycle secondary raw materials. The majority of discarded vessels ends up on Southeast Asian beaches, dismantled without regard for the environment or human health. Our case study analyses the environmental crime of shipbreaking by using the theoretical framework of state-corporate crime as a frame of analysis. We focus on Germany and Greece as countries of origin and Bangladesh as a country of destination. Our findings show that shipbreaking is the result of a complex criminogenic interplay of economic and political actors on national as well as international level. |