De Inspectie voor de Gezondheidszorg (IGZ) heeft geëxperimenteerd met een nieuwe vorm van inspectie gebaseerd op systeemtoezicht (ST). Het experiment volgt uit voortgaande ontwikkelingen in de governance van zorginstellingen. Het experiment is gevolgd en ondersteund met formatief onderzoek. Geleerd is dat ST in de Nederlandse gezondheidszorg, mits gericht en evenwichtig toegepast, een bijdrage kan leveren aan de doelstellingen van de IGZ ten aanzien van effectief en efficiënt toezicht. ST maakt ‘inspectiemaatwerk’ mogelijk. Daarenboven geeft dit artikel inzicht in de werkwijze die gebruikt kan worden bij de modernisering van toezicht.

De tweede evaluatie van de Wet op de beroepen in de individuele gezondheidszorg, ruim tien jaar na de eerste evaluatie verschenen, komt tot gelijksoortige bevindingen als die eerste evaluatie uit 2002. De wettelijke regeling is niet erg bekend. Het tuchtrecht is aan herziening toe. Toch is er sprake van een gewijzigde context, waarin de Wet BIG door nieuwe kwaliteitsregulering de meer bescheiden status heeft gekregen van een borging van de basiskwaliteit van de beroepsbeoefenaar via opleiding. De evaluatie ziet nadrukkelijker een rol voor de IGZ in het tuchtrecht, dat concurreert met het bestuursrecht.

COSA (Circles of Support and Accountability) have been fully implemented and accepted in the Dutch probation organization. In COSA projects, volunteers support a former sex offender during his rehabilitation, supervised by professionals. Projects offer national coverage and until now, 42 sex offenders have been supported. International effect studies and Dutch research into effective processes offer a scientific framework, offering the theoretical and empirical underpinnings for a COSA intervention model. The normative basis of COSA is found in its specific place in restorative justice. Primarily, COSA strives for restoration of relationships within a moral and responsible community and restoration of the offender. Restoration of family bonds is an option, but needs to be well coordinated with professionals.

Kan een wettelijke verplichting voor Nederlandse scholen tot het hebben van een op effectiviteit getoetst antipestprogramma bijdragen aan een effectievere aanpak van pesten op scholen? Op grond van wetenschappelijk onderzoek is de conclusie dat dat niet aannemelijk is. Scholen passen programma’s aan de eigen inzichten en opvattingen aan, zonder dat duidelijk is of deze aanpassingen de effectiviteit positief of negatief beïnvloeden. Het accent wordt in het plan van aanpak ten onrechte gelegd op het hebben van een effectief programma, in plaats van op de effectieve aanpak van alle, uiteenlopende soorten van pesten in een prosociale cultuur op scholen.

The Dutch abbreviation ‘ZSM’ literally means ASAP. In the Dutch criminal justice system, it stands for a response to a crime ‘as speedy, selective, smart and supportive for victims as possible’. The project was initiated by the Public Prosecution Service and the Police, and it also involves the Dutch Probation Services, Victim Support Netherlands and the Child Care and Protection Board. The goal of ZSM is to assure meaningful and fast interventions, based on quality and effectiveness for society, including suspects and victims. To reach this goal, the Public Prosecutor is situated at the front of the criminal justice chain and triages the high volume crimes to determine the best procedure for a case, in cooperation with the partners.

Op 20 november 2013 is Richtlijn 2013/55/EU van het Europees Parlement en de Raad tot wijziging van Richtlijn 2005/36/EG betreffende de erkenning van beroepskwalificaties vastgesteld. Dit artikel bespreekt in hoofdlijnen de achtergronden van deze richtlijn, de belangrijkste wijzigingen en waar mogelijk de Nederlandse reactie daarop.
Richtlijn 2013/55/EU van het Europees Parlement en de Raad tot wijziging van Richtlijn 2005/36/EG betreffende de erkenning van beroepskwalificaties en Verordening (EU) nr. 1024/2012 betreffende de administratieve samenwerking via het Informatiesysteem interne markt (de IMI-verordening)

In this article a longitudinal effect study is described of resilience training Diamant. The training focuses in particular on adolescents with a dual identity who do not have work, are not enrolled in an education, feel unfairly treated (relatively deprived), have low self-esteem, and are at risk of social isolation. The training can be considered as a method to prevent development of criminal behaviour and possibly radicalisation. Certified trainers work with small groups of 10 to 15 adolescents to increase their resilience and help them finding their place in society. The present research focused on the following questions: (1) Does this training have a positive effect on self-esteem among the participants? (2) Does social isolation decrease as a consequence of the training? (3) Does the training reduce feelings of relative deprivation and help participants better deal with conflicts? Participants were interviewed before and halfway the training and directly after completing the training. A follow-up measurement three months after the end of the training examined effects on the longer term. In total 44 semi-structured interviews were held. Interviews were written out and coded using a two-step procedure: In the first step two researchers independently coded each interview. Second, when necessary, changes in the coding scheme were made. Then each interview was coded separately by the two researchers and disagreements were discussed until full agreement was reached. The results show that Diamant has a positive effect on self-esteem of participants. Also, participants overall showed an increase in connectedness to society. Third, Diamant reduced feelings of relative deprivation and participants indicated they could better deal with conflicts. Based on these results it is concluded that Diamant is effective in regard to its goals which were evaluated in this study. Limitations of the research and possibilities for future studies are discussed.

Today’s risk based criminal justice policy leaves but little room to tune sentencing decisions to the individual offender’s mental capacities. As a result, sanctioning has become one-sided, being directed towards retribution. However, in the long run such a non-reciprocal concept of sanctioning, implying a denial of the need to facilitate rehabilitation, weakens the social fabric. Moreover, it holds a denial of citizenship towards (mentally ill) offenders. For the past decades, restorative justice has offered alternative solutions to deal with delinquency. Using informal procedures, taking into account peculiarities of the case, including the offender’s mental capacities, offenders are invited to take accountability for wrongful acts. A similar approach has been introduced within the field of mental health services, including the sector of the forensic mental health care. In response to the popular social biological model, a model of restorative treatment has been introduced, implying treatment to be directed towards reintegration, requiring active participation of the patient/offender. Bearing in mind the communalities between both models, we explore the potential of such a restorative citizenship based approach to better the integration of mentally disturbed offenders.

Utrecht, the fourth largest city of The Netherlands, is addressing resolving social conflict by promoting schools to adhere to the Peaceful School Program and civilians and professionals to join the Peaceful Neighborhood Program. The Peaceful School Program is designed to address problematic behavior of youth in primary, secondary and high school education and evolved into a democratic and participatory citizenship program. The Peaceful Neighborhood Program is involving important organizations that are active within the neighborhood, members of the community and stake-holders to adapt peaceful attitudes in daily life, including a mind-set that addresses conflicts by resolving them (together).
These two programs are in the process of ‘conquering’ the whole of the city of Utrecht and every single neighborhood. The so-called Utrecht Model for Mediation is supporting these Peaceful Programs, through empowering citizens and professional to enhance their ‘peaceful skills’ and skills for conflict resolution. Citizens and professionals are being trained to develop this mindset. The Utrecht Model for Mediation is organizing a community of mediators that can be of help. A pool of volunteer mediators is being formed to help organizations, professionals, parents, students and members of the community in case of problems, tensions, problematic behavior of youth groups, etcetera. Professional mediators intervene in case of escalated conflicts and penal cases.

Early studies of female drug dealers suggest that women are marginalized, passive victims. In contrast, more recent studies describe women as skilful and competent dealers. In a Bourdieu-inspired theoretical framework of ‘street capital’, the authors suggest that the truth is somewhere in between. Female dealers can be successful, but they face more obstacles than men do. The illegal hard drug economy is gendered and favours men. In this paper the authors discuss how female drug dealers develop particular strategies to prove they still belong in ‘the game’. Four such strategies are emphasized: desexualization, violent posture, emotional detachment and service-mindedness. These are common strategies for all drug dealers, but the gendered economy forces female dealers to be particularly careful about their business and self-presentation.

Dit artikel beschrijft de gevolgen van de inwerkingtreding van de Wet nadeelcompensatie en schadevergoeding bij onrechtmatige besluiten voor (1) de toepasselijkheid van de bestuursrechtelijke geldschuldenregeling uit de Algemene wet bestuursrecht, die op diverse punten afwijkt van de privaatrechtelijke geldschuldenregeling, en (2) de rechtsmachtverdeling tussen de bestuursrechter en de burgerlijke rechter.

Following the evaluation regarding the judicial error in the Schiedam park murder (‘Schiedammer parkmoord’), the Public Prosecutor, Police and the Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI) have drawn up an enhancement program to prevent future errors. Part of this program is to fill 20% of the posts within the police investigation process with those who have completed a higher education study of ‘criminal investigation’ and have obtained the Master of Criminal Investigation (MCI) title. One of the MCI’s tasks is to act as counterparties within the investigation research, to reduce the tunnel vision that develops within these investigations. In this way, more attention can be paid to alternative scenarios, so that judicial errors are less likely to occur.

In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op de oorzaken en de oplossingen voor tekortschietend intern toezicht ten aanzien van de kwaliteit van zorg. Onderzocht wordt of dat tekortschieten te wijten is aan belemmeringen in wet- en regelgeving dan wel de oplossing gezocht moet worden in een cultuurverandering. De auteur opteert vooral voor dat laatste, maar constateert tevens dat de wet- en regelgeving weinig houvast bieden. Bovendien komt aan de orde of er bij de vastlegging van de rol van de raad van toezicht ten aanzien van de kwaliteit van zorg de goede keuze wordt gemaakt tussen wetgeving en zelfregulering. Dit wordt uitgewerkt voor drie thema’s: taakomschrijving van de raad van toezicht, verbetering van deskundigheid van toezichthouders en de beschikbaarheid van informatie. In de ogen van de auteur dient de norm in de wet te worden vastgelegd en de uitwerking daarvan kan aan de sectorale governance-code worden overgelaten.

Een vennootschap die voldoet aan de vereisten voor het verplicht invoeren van de structuurregeling loopt (onder meer) bij het inrichten van haar statuten als one-tier vennootschap tegen een aantal vragen aan. Hieraan wordt aandacht besteed, waarbij onder meer wordt gekeken naar benoemingsregels, de regeling over ontstentenis en belet en de toepasselijkheid van het gemitigeerd structuurregime.

De Letselschade Raad heeft de Gedragscode Behandeling Letselschade (GBL) herzien. De auteur gaat in op het proces van de totstandkoming van de nieuwe versie van de GBL. Daarbij behandelt hij de ethische uitgangspunten die daaraan thans expliciet ten grondslag liggen. Door bij behandeling van letselschade in te gaan op het waarom achter een bepaalde beslissing zal de benadeelde beter kunnen begrijpen welke argumenten tot de beslissing hebben geleid. Daardoor is hij, los van andere elementen die maken dat hij serieus wordt genomen, bijvoorbeeld ook beter in staat om zijn eigen belangen te behartigen. Dat levert dus een bijdrage aan het herwinnen van de menselijke waardigheid dat hem door het ongeval is ontnomen.

The chaplaincy in penitentiary institutions shows a peculiar co-operation between the state and the religious communities. The chaplains provide a safe opportunity for supporting the detainees. The growing religious individualisation as well as a political rethinking of the role of religions institutions ask for system adaptations. In particular, the denominational approach is subject to discussion.

The rapid and ongoing development of the Internet has greatly affected new types and sources of conflict but also the ways conflicts are handled. Nowadays, more and more mediation service providers offer online tools to manage conflicts, going from fully e-supported mediations to hybrid mediations which are partly face to face (F2F) and partly computerized. Despite the increasing use of different types of e-supported mediation, practitioners and scholars know little about their effects or under which conditions different types of e-supported tools are best used. This contribution focuses on the role e-tools may play in text based mediations (mainly labor and divorce mediations) which are mediated by a human mediator. We hope to provide third parties of all sort (mediators, practitioners, consultants, managers, etc.) with practical guidelines for the use of e-supported mediation.

A specialist needs an instrument to be effective. For a doctor it is his stethoscope, for a lawyer it is the law books, for a psychologist it is the psychological tests and for a mediator it is the mediation matrix. This article explains how to operate the mediation matrix, that is based upon the Transactional Analysis theory and cybernetics. It can be used as a route planner that helps the mediator to explain to his client what he is doing, how he does that and why he does that. This will reduce the client’s stress, improve his logical thinking and self management.
The mediation matrix is an instrument to improve structure and transparency. In this way the mediator can support the expression of blocking emotions. By doing this, the mediator can support the positive emotions which will follow. The mediator is no longer a person with a bag of technics, but a professional with an integrated theory and useful technique.

Much of developmental and life course criminological research addresses either the onset and escalation of antisocial behavior in childhood and adolescence, or the desistance from crime during the adult years. Far less attention has been paid to the years in which adolescents first make the transition to adulthood. Over the last 50 years due to increased educational demands this transition period has become prolonged and increasingly deinstitutionalized, resulting in a new life stage denoted as the emerging adult period. This introductory paper describes the ways in which this newly formed life stage between ages 18 and 28 is relevant for criminology, questions our knowledge on criminal career development during this period and explores new research avenues that may contribute to a full-fledged criminology of the emerging adulthood.

The author made a tour throughout the country to see how people fulfill their social responsibility in the process of creating a normal and stabile situation again after a criminal offence, after the use of (domestic) violence. Yearly 37.000 women are victims of serious to very serious forms of violence in the Netherlands. It turns out that several initiatives have been developed in the last few years in different parts of the country whereby networks of people are used to stop violence and to look for ways to continue relationships or contacts. The article contains descriptions of powerful conferences. For example, one between two Turkish families who had years of conflicts, partly through two 16-year-old daughters. It almost turned into blood revenge and serious violence. Talking to each other in an organized and well prepared setting however resulted in a positive situation for all parties. Social systems and networking turn out to be the key factors for restoration.