From day one of the journal Recht der Werkelijkheid (Journal of Living Law) the Legal Anthropology was welcomed. What once started as the jurisprudential study on Folk Law on the one hand and the cultural anthropological study of law on the other hand, evolved into an intensive collaboration among the researchers. Even more intensive under the subject Legal Pluralism. The legal anthropological studies extended over the years to subjects closer to the First World legal practices, i.e. the studies of social groups like the one on migrants. Under the concept of semi autonomous social fields many contributions on cultural versus legal norms were published. Later on, the legal anthropological expertise that sustained the comparative studies for international and supranational law was welcomed. The article thus shows that the journal provided room for the socio legal studies of law practices in other continents, expanded to those of other continents in the home continent as well as to those in all continents.

The paper highlights the contributions on judges and courts published in Recht der Werkelijkheid from 1980-2020. It addresses three general themes, namely communication in court, the consumers of the law and the professionals of the law, in view of the objective of the journal.
The authors of the contributions, newcomers as well as well-known experienced researchers, come from different kind of branches like anthropology, psychology, sociology and history, utilizing quite different approaches, methodologies and theories. They elaborate on each other’s work, methods, empirical findings and theoretical insights, in order to develop new research questions or to conduct research in different contexts. Although the critical-rational ideas of Popper has no many followers among the authors, lessons can be learned for policy makers, judges, lawyers and academics. By bringing the authors together, the journal has made an invaluable contribution to the debate among socio-legal researchers in the Netherlands.

Most countries in the world chose a more or less stringent form of lockdown policy in order to protect citizens from contagion. This essay offers a critical perspective by asking for the Netherlands whether flattening the curve does not cost more healthy life years (qaly’s) than it saves. A cost-benefit analysis is performed discussing four issues. First: how many qaly’s are actually saved by the lockdown measures? Second: what are the opportunity costs of the lockdown? This means investigating how many qaly’s could have been generated if the economic cost of the lockdown had been spent directly into health care. Third: investigating how many qaly’s are lost because of postponing regular care. And fourth: discussing how many qaly’s are at stake because of excess unemployment. While acknowledging uncertainties the conclusion seems unavoidable: lockdown has and will cost more qaly’s than it generates.

This contribution examines shareholder capitalism and shareholder idealism. It is also argued that excessive rewards – often a result of shareholder capitalism – fuel fraud. Supervisory directors and shareholders should therefore act as a counterforce and fulfil a corrective role.

This article discusses the problem of excessive drug use from a historical perspective. Cultural ambivalence towards excessive use of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs has roots going back into the seventeenth century. A case study is presented of the introduction and adaptation of tobacco in the Dutch republic. Dutch national and colonial drug regulation is discussed. It is concluded that regulations have been primarily motivated by anxieties about excessive behaviour among the labouring classes, endangering public order, and non-white users in the colonies. This has led to criminalization of excessive behaviour, and to the creation of a criminal underground economy.

There is no clear answer to the question if corruption makes victims. Currently an (international) discussion is taking place about this matter. On the one hand it can be discussed that corruption in general does not know any direct victims and that corruption can even take place without any damage. On the other hand it is known that corruption can cause tremendous public and financial damage, with society as a whole as the victim of this crime, whether or not in primary gradation. In the underlying article these two perspectives will be discussed and applied on two cases. Special attention will also be paid to the impact and relevance of pointing out the victims.

Een pleidooi om de eeuwige zoektocht naar abstracte normatieve grondslagen te staken en op zoek te gaan naar de voorwaarden voor het ontstaan en voortbestaan van normatieve systemen vanuit een buitenstaandersperspectief dat conceptuele anayse verbindt met historische en sociologische inzichten.

De wereld van werk is in diepe verandering door megatrends in de demografie en sociologie van de beroepsbevolking, in de economische globalisering en in technologische innovatie. ‘Werk 4.0’ fascineert en beroert de geesten. Maar wat betekent de toekomst van werk voor de toekomst van arbeidsrecht? Deze bijdrage herijkt het arbeidsrecht op de schaal van Werk 4.0. Ze argumenteert paradigmaveranderingen die de focus van het arbeidsrecht verschuiven naar activeringsrecht, loopbaanrecht, arbeidskwaliteitsrecht, talentrecht en activiteitsrecht. Ze schetst een verbreding van het arbeidsrecht in een context van transversale talentontwikkeling, alsook een verpersoonlijking van sociale bescherming. Deze bijdrage pleit ook voor nieuw sociaal overleg dat inspeelt op de nieuwe noden die de arbeidsveranderingen teweegbrengen. Ze trekt assen die toelaten om de toekomst van arbeid en arbeidsrecht als een positieve keuze te omarmen.

Criminology traditionally focuses on the human experience. However, several criminologists have seriously criticized this anthropocentric perspective. In their view from a criminological perspective humans and other than human animals should be given equal attention. Although they advocate a non-speciesist criminology, they are not trying to fundamentally change criminology as we know it. Instead, their appeal is to not consider other than human creatures as passive objects and solely from the perspective of their usefulness for humans. Yet, this objective poses substantial methodological challenges to criminologists.

De termen ‘smart contracts’ en ‘blockchain’ kunnen verwarrend zijn. Zo hoeven smart contracts geen contracten te zijn, maar kunnen ze dat wel zijn. Ze zijn, anders dan de naam wellicht doet vermoeden, nog niet intelligent (althans: niet in combinatie met een blockchain). En hoewel vaak gesproken wordt van de blockchain, is er niet slechts één (soort). Dit artikel beoogt misverstanden met betrekking tot de relatief nieuwe termen smart contracts en blockchain te voorkomen.

De ILO bestaat in 2019 honderd jaar. Nederland is vanaf het begin lid geweest van deze tripartite internationale organisatie, die na 1945 onder de paraplu van de Verenigde Naties is komen te vallen.
Nederland heeft zich doorgaans opgesteld als een actief en betrokken lid; het heeft in vergelijking met andere lidstaten veel ILO-verdragen geratificeerd, te weten 106.
Met dit grote aantal ratificaties heeft de ILO relatief grote impact gehad op het Nederlands arbeidsrecht.
Er waren ‘kwesties’ met de ILO over onder meer de loonpolitiek, de sterkte van de Arbeidsinspectie, het ontslagrecht en de vakbondsvrijheid.
Opvallend is dat Nederland ILO-verdrag 158 over het ontslagrecht niet heeft geratificeerd.
Op terreinen waar veel overheidsgeld mee gemoeid is, zoals bijvoorbeeld de loonpolitiek, de sterkte van de Arbeidsinspectie of de sociale zekerheid, leeft de Nederlandse overheid pas na veel tijdsverloop en druk van de ILO de aangegane verplichtingen na.

During the recent ‘refugee crisis’, governments have been confronted with various problems concerning asylum reception. In several locations in the Netherlands, as well as elsewhere in Europe and beyond, new local forms of experimenting around the issue of asylum reception have begun. One example is Utrecht’s ‘Plan Einstein’. In Overvecht, a district of the city, an office building has been converted into an asylum shelter, where 400 asylum seekers live together with 38 non-refugee youngsters from Utrecht. The Centre runs courses and activities, offered to both asylum seekers (including those who do not yet have a residence status) and local residents. Employing the concepts of ‘multilevel governance’ and ‘experimental governance’, this article indicates why this initiative was able to be realized at this location and at this time.