This article discusses the problem of excessive drug use from a historical perspective. Cultural ambivalence towards excessive use of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs has roots going back into the seventeenth century. A case study is presented of the introduction and adaptation of tobacco in the Dutch republic. Dutch national and colonial drug regulation is discussed. It is concluded that regulations have been primarily motivated by anxieties about excessive behaviour among the labouring classes, endangering public order, and non-white users in the colonies. This has led to criminalization of excessive behaviour, and to the creation of a criminal underground economy. |
Zoekresultaat: 50 artikelen
De zoekresultaten worden gefilterd op:Tijdschrift Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit x
Artikel |
|
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 2 2020 |
Auteurs | Prof. dr. Hans Nelen en Dr. mr. Roland Moerland |
Auteursinformatie |
Essay |
Drugsgebruik, exces en criminaliteitEen historisch perspectief |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 1 2020 |
Trefwoorden | history of drugs, tobacco, drug policy, civilizing process, opium |
Auteurs | Dr. Stephen Snelders |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Artikel |
|
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 1 2020 |
Auteurs | Dr. Bas van Stokkom en Dr. mr. Marc Schuilenburg |
Auteursinformatie |
Artikel |
Integratief seksindustriebeleid in Nieuw-ZeelandSucces voor een unieke sociale beweging |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 2 2019 |
Trefwoorden | sekswerk, Nieuw-Zeeland, decriminalisering, sociale beweging, beleidsverandering |
Auteurs | Dr. Joep Rottier |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Contrary to its allies in other countries, the sex industry decriminalization movement in New Zealand, embodied by the New Zealand Prostitutes Collective (NZPC), achieved its goal in 2003. This article explores the reform of the sex industry policy in this country on the basis of a Social Movement Concept. Apart from the specific New Zealand culture, particularly the interaction between three social political aspects – awareness, political opportunities, and a strong social movement organisation – can be identified as crucial factors in realizing a decriminalized sex industry environment. The enactment of the Prostitution Reform Act 2003 meant a unique and huge success for a small sex workers movement. |
Artikel |
|
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 1 2019 |
Trefwoorden | Norbert Elias, punishment, historical criminology |
Auteurs | Dr. Tom Daems en Prof. dr. René van Swaaningen |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In this article Tom Daems and René van Swaaningen discuss work and life of the late Dutch historian Pieter Spierenburg. The article is based on an interview the authors conducted with Spierenburg in November 2018 as well as his published work and excerpts of an unpublished biography. The article discusses in particular themes related to his interest in, and contributions to, the history of crime and punishment, in particular Spierenburg’s path-breaking book The Spectacle of Suffering (1984), his relation to Norbert Elias and the Amsterdam School and his critique of Michel Foucault. |
Artikel |
|
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 1 2019 |
Trefwoorden | violence, compartimentalization, social theory |
Auteurs | Dr. Bas van Stokkom en Dr. mr. Marc Schuilenburg |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In this article Bas van Stokkom and Marc Schuilenburg discuss work and life of the Dutch sociologist Abram de Swaan. The article is based on an interview the authors conducted with de Swaan as well as themes that de Swaan developed in his published work. The article discusses in particular themes such as violence and compartimentalization, the work of Norbert Elias, and public sociology. |
Significant others |
|
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 2 2018 |
Auteurs | Prof. dr. Hans Nelen en Prof. dr. Richard Staring |
Auteursinformatie |
Artikel |
Selectieve ‘culturalisering’ in de praktijk van de jeugdbescherming in België |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 3 2017 |
Trefwoorden | youth justice, Roma, Caucasian migrants, refugees, selectivity, deviance |
Auteurs | dr. Olga Petintseva |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This paper focuses on the practice of youth justice (termed ‘youth protection’ in Belgium) in which professional actors ascribe deviant behaviour of youngsters to different cultural and migration backgrounds. Intra-European Roma migrants and refugees from the Northern Caucasus in Belgium are chosen as case studies. Discourse analysis of 55 youth court files and 41 expert interviews with professional actors show that deviant behaviour of these young people is explained in different manners. Two discourses are identified: ‘criminal vagabonds’ and ‘war torn children’. These discourses and their effects in practice differ tremendously for both groups. The broader discussion this article touches upon is the selective inclusion and exclusion in the institutions of formal social control, through social practices of culturalisation. |
Artikel |
Naar een non-antropocentrische criminologie |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 1 2018 |
Trefwoorden | green criminology, non-anthropocentric criminology, environmental crime, speciesism, animal rights |
Auteurs | Dr. Daan van Uhm |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Changing ecological conditions in a globalizing world pose new challenges for human societies. Global warming, large-scale pollution, deforestation and species extinction have increasingly become topics on the international agenda. Even though many of these harmful activities are criminogenic, criminology pays rather little attention to environmental crimes and harms. |
Diversen |
|
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 2 2017 |
Auteurs | dr. mr. Roland Moerland en prof. dr. Hans Nelen |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
The two editors of this issue conducted an interview with professor emeritus International law and Human Rights Theo van Boven. Van Boven was UN Special Rapporteur against Torture and he served as Director of Human Rights of the United Nations. In these and his other positions, Van Boven fought for the rights of victims of gross human rights violations and throughout his career he experienced first-hand how regimes try to cover up and deny their crimes. The interview focuses on his experiences with the former military junta in Argentina. Van Boven notes that in comparison to other regimes, the junta had developed the most sophisticated strategy of denial. Van Boven reflects on the regime’s vocabulary of denial, the political dimensions of denial and the implications for the victims. He is open and sincere about his experiences as Director of Human Rights of the United Nations and explains how victim rights, such as the right to truth, can clash with the bureaucratic and political reality within the United Nations. |
Artikel |
Alsof zij nooit geboren waren …Herinnering, ontkenning en de oude Jodenbuurt in Amsterdam |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 2 2017 |
Trefwoorden | memorialisation, Holocaust, Amsterdam, memory, social construction |
Auteurs | prof. mr. Chrisje Brants |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
After catastrophic events, memorialisation is part of coming to terms with the past and rebuilding the future. It is also part of the social construction of the past – a struggle between conflicting representations of past events by different groups in society, with different memories, interests and degrees of power to influence which version of history is eventually recognized as correct and which is denied. In Western Europe, we tend to study such processes in parts of the world far removed from our own, forgetting that the major genocide of the 20th century, took place in our own cities, and that a process of memorialisation was ongoing there for many years after the war. The Jewish quarter in the centre of Amsterdam has many monuments, buildings and museums connected to the history of the Jews of Amsterdam, the majority of whom died in the death camps of the Shoa. The memory landscape of the Jewish quarter is dynamic, a reflection of a culture of remembrance and denial concerning the Second World War, in which events and people are remembered, but others forgotten. What can the urban landscape of Amsterdam tell us about this culture and its relationship to social and political events during and after the war? What/who are remembered and what/who forgotten, by whom, and why? How has that changed over time? |
Artikel |
Het verbergen en ontkennen van dopinggebruik in de professionele wielrennerij |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 2 2017 |
Trefwoorden | denial, cycling, doping, language |
Auteurs | prof. dr. Henk van de Bunt |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In this article the question is addressed how language played a pivotal role in the process of concealing and denying the use of doping in professional cycling in the period 1990-2012. The author concludes that the popular argument that the ‘Walls of Silence’ within professional cycling were based upon a system of ‘omertà’, is not convincing. Rather than that they were forced to keep their mouths shut, the people involved in the doping industry granted themselves a right to silence. The analysis also shows that the common vocabulary within cycling facilitated the processes of denial, as the concepts used – like preparation, recuperation, medical supervision and so on – are vague and ambiguous. |
Artikel |
Superdiversiteit en hipsterificatieNeoliberalisme, ongelijkheid en sociale mix in het Rabot te Gent |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 1 2017 |
Trefwoorden | Ethnographic Linguistic Landscape Analysis, gentrification, micro-populations, politics, hipster |
Auteurs | Dr. Ico Maly |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Superdiverse neighborhoods are understood as challenges; as potential ghetto’s in need for a better social mix. In this paper, ethnographic linguistic landscape analysis (ELLA) is used to study the effects of the public-private city renewal policies. ELLA not only enables a distributional image of ‘het Rabot’, a small neighborhood in the pheriphery of Ghent in Belgium, but also to sketch a stratigraphy. The ideology of social mix, in combination with the inter-urban competition for tourists and middle class inhabitants results in the hipsterification of the neighborhood. The net effect, is a disruptive influx of a creative class. |
Artikel |
Onrust in de superdiverse mbo-klas |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 1 2017 |
Trefwoorden | ethnography, classroom dynamics, vocational schools, Superdiversity |
Auteurs | Fatima el Bouk MSc, Vita van der Staaij-Los MSc, Tjitske Lovert-Reindersma MSc e.a. |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In this article we report on an ethnographic research project conducted in 2014-2015 at a school for ‘Assistant in Care and Wellbeing’, a school for secondary vocational training that is part of a large regional education center in the metropolitan area of the Randstad. The main incentive for our research was that some researchers assumed that in this ‘super-diverse’ environment, where students with an immigrant background were a vast majority, many tensions and conflicts were caused by ethnic and religious differences between students. However, after about 100 hours of observations in the classes of fourteen teachers, 36 interviews with teachers and other staff, and focus group discussions with teachers and students, we found that for most students diversity wasn’t a big issue at all. Rather than ethnic or religious differences many irritations and conflicts were triggered by the constantly changing organisational setting and institutional context of the school. In this article, we will corroborate this finding with a detailed analysis of some cases of classroom interaction, and draw conclusions about the usefulness and limits of superdiversity as a heuristic tool. |
Artikel |
Safe havens voor onrechtmatig in Nederland verblijvende vreemdelingenVeiligheid en het toezicht op irreguliere migratie via hulpverleningsorganisaties |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 3 2016 |
Trefwoorden | unauthorized migrants, civil society, safety, migration control, policing non-citizens, NGOs |
Auteurs | prof. dr. Richard Staring en Mieke Kox MA |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) within Dutch civil society provide material and immaterial assistance to unauthorized migrants in the Netherlands. Based on long-term qualitative fieldwork in the life worlds of unauthorized migrants, the authors describe how the migrants experience these NGOs as a safe haven where they feel at home and secure for the risks of apprehension and deportation. We argue that these safe havens are also beneficial for the society at large. These NGOs contribute to preventing unauthorized migrants from sleeping in public places and employing illegitimate survival strategies. In addition, the NGOs’ empowerment of these migrants is advantageous for their willingness to access healthcare and employ legal rights. Recent attempts of the Dutch government to restrict the number of these NGOs, lead amongst other things to NGOs who are increasingly focusing on the unauthorized migrants’ return. We argue that these governmental efforts of controlling unauthorized migration through NGOs, will result in unauthorized migrants loosing trust in these safe havens. Ultimately, this governmental control through NGOs will have a negative impact on feelings of security in the society at large as it fundamentally diminishes the significance of these NGOs in civil society for unauthorized migrants without offering an alternative. |
Discussie |
|
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 3 2016 |
Trefwoorden | role models, responsivity, gang prevention, desistance, applied science |
Auteurs | dr. Jan Dirk de Jong |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
How could positive security policies take shape? On what kind of empirical research should these policies be based? And what sort of concepts would we need for this development? If the starting point is to understand safety as a positive notion, it seems wise to avoid the terms of war that are prevailing in current policy programs on security and public safety (fighting, frontline and city-marines). On the other hand some type of decisive jargon might be unavoidable when one sets out to have an actual impact on youth crime policies and policy makers. Is it possible to keep using some type of military terminology in research benefitting the development of positive security policies and still emphasize a positive composition? This dilemma has arisen in recent research activities on positive, street-oriented role models in response to Dutch problematic youth groups and youth at risk. De Jong argues that with the sensitizing concept of the ‘liaison officer’ it might be possible to encourage a positive change through applied social science. |
Artikel |
Street PastorsSecuritas en certitudo in het Britse uitgaansleven |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 3 2016 |
Trefwoorden | night-time economy, volunteering, security, Care, Faith |
Auteurs | dr. Ronald van Steden |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This paper presents the results of a study on Street Pastors in Cardiff, capital city of Wales. Street Pastors are Christian volunteers who look after (intoxicated) people in the nightlife district. In so doing, they provide security through empathy and care. The motives of Street Pastors to engage with partygoers are multi-layered, but their personal faith appears as a key explanation. A certain kind of orthodox ‘certitude’ of being safe (and saved) in a Higher Power gives the pastors their strength to go out on the street, face the unknown and feel compassion for their fellow citizens. |
Discussie |
|
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 3 2016 |
Trefwoorden | securitas, rule of law, Polizeiwissenschaft, politeia, democracy |
Auteurs | prof. dr. Bob Hoogenboom |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Positive security is a very promising development in criminology. The ‘movement’ reconnects the current debate on crime with the origins of ancient Greek thinking on the positive nature of politeia, policy and policing. Securitas - providing safety and security for the common good - has a long and rich tradition. Good governance is about many things, but foremost about providing security in society. Polizeiwissenschaft in 18th and 19th century Prussia made a distinction between Wohlfahrt- and Sicherheitspolizei. |
Artikel |
Markten, cultuur en prestatie- en uiterlijkbevorderende middelen (PUBM): de eigenschappen van dealers die opereren in België en Nederland |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 2 2016 |
Trefwoorden | doping, drug trafficking, fitness industry, dealers, drug markets |
Auteurs | dr. Katinka van de Ven |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
It has become evident that the use of performance and image enhancing drugs (PIEDs) is becoming an important societal issue, with ramifications extending beyond elite sport. A particular concern of authorities is that the majority of PIEDs are not legally obtained through a physician, by means of a prescription, but instead are illegally purchased on the illicit market. Currently little research exists on the illegal production and supply of PIEDs. However, understanding illicit PIED markets is important for policy decisions as knowledge on the production and supply of these substances may assist in designing law enforcement efforts, harm reduction initiatives and other measures. This article will, therefore, focus on the production and supply of PIEDs in Belgium and the Netherlands. Specifically, it will examine the general characteristics of PIED suppliers and the ways in which the behaviour of dealers are influenced by cultural factors. In particular the role of the legal profession of PIED suppliers is examined, taking the fitness industry as an example. This research is based on a content analysis of 64 PIED-dealing cases initiated by criminal justice agencies in the Netherlands (N=33) and Belgium (N=31). This article illustrates that the dealing of PIEDs is a rather specialised business and that not everyone has the suitable ties, opportunities and/or knowledge to enter the PIED market. Many PIED dealers are already devoted to a gym, sport, medical, or other subculture before becoming involved in dealing. Importantly, the embeddedness of PIED-related supply-side activities in legitimate professions, roles, and institutional settings form an integral part of the market culture these dealers engage in. We, therefore, need to examine the production, distribution and use of PIEDs, as embedded within a diverse combination of social, economic and cultural processes, in which none is simply reducible to the other. |
Discussie |
Veranderingen in de visie op druggebruik – van een strafrechtelijk naar een gezondheidsparadigma |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 2 2016 |
Trefwoorden | drug policy, paradigms, criminalisation, harm reduction, health problem |
Auteurs | drs. Franz Trautmann |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Various studies show that the views on the drug problem and appropriate policy responses have undergone profound changes from the 1960s onward. This article is analysing one of these changes, the decriminalisation of drug use, reflecting a fundamental change of view: understanding drug use as a health issue and not as crime. A useful heuristic to understand this type of change is Thomas Kuhn’s paradigm concept. He sees a paradigm as a set of beliefs that are shared by a scientific community and accepted by a wider community. A paradigm change is therefore a socio-psychological process rather than rooted in new scientific or research facts. |