The extensive interpretation of criminal law to the detriment of the defendant in criminal law is often problematized in doctrinal theory. Extensive interpretation is then argued to be problematic in the light of important ideals such as democracy and legal certainty in criminal law. In the Dutch discussion of this issue, Klaas Rozemond has argued that sometimes extensive interpretation is mandated by the rule of law in order to protect the rights of victims. Rozemond grounds his argument on a reading of Dworkin’s distinction between the rule-book and the rights conception of the rule of law. In this article, I argue that Dworkin’s rights conception, properly considered, does not necessarily mandate the imposition of criminal law or its extensive interpretation in court in order to protect victims’ rights.

Al sinds de inwerkingtreding van de Wwz bestaat de vraag hoe de hoogte van de billijke vergoeding moet worden bepaald. In het New Hairstyle-arrest beantwoordde de Hoge Raad onder andere de vraag of de gevolgen van het ontslag als gevolg van het ernstig verwijtbaar handelen van de werkgever mogen worden meegenomen bij de bepaling van de hoogte van de billijke vergoeding bevestigend. De auteurs bezien hoe het arrest van invloed is op de verschillende billijke vergoedingen en maken daartoe een vergelijking met de oude 681-schadevergoeding. Uiteindelijk worden handvatten gegeven tot een juiste onderbouwing van de hoogte van de billijke vergoeding te komen.

De gelijkwaardige voorziening leek na anderhalf jaar Wwz veroordeeld tot een anoniem bestaan, maar niets blijkt minder waar. De oogst van het huidige kalenderjaar tot heden: vijf uitspraken en een controversieel verklaard wetsvoorstel. Al met al genoeg reden deze rechtsfiguur aan een nader onderzoek te onderwerpen. In deze bijdrage worden onder meer enkele voor de praktijk relevante knelpunten besproken.

In today’s society, full use is made of online banking. This makes safety and security of online banking an important issue. Two significant threats to users of online banking in The Netherlands are phishing and malware attacks. In this study, an end-user perspective is adopted to study customers’ perceptions regarding safety and security of online banking. A unique feature to this study is that we explore – besides other predictor variables – the relationship between online banking fraud victimization and risk perception. We have made a distinction between three types of victimization: 1) self-experienced victimization, 2) victimization of acquaintances, such as family and friends, and 3) having heard of stories in the media about online banking fraud victimization. Based on a secondary analysis of data from 1200 Dutch users of online banking, collected through an online survey, we conclude that participants perceive their risk of online banking fraud to be small. In general, participants have little experience with victimization, both themselves (2.3%) and in social settings (29.6%). Three quarters of the respondents (75.6%) are aware of victimization of online banking fraud by means of media coverage. Direct and indirect victimization, however, have almost no influence on risk perception regarding online banking fraud. Risk perception is mainly determined by perceived vulnerability, that is, the estimated probability of becoming a victim of online banking fraud. Furthermore, perceived severity or impact of online banking fraud and the degree of trust in online banking contribute to some extent to risk perception. In total, 64.0% of variance in risk perception was explained by the predictors perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, locus of control, trust in online banking, (in)direct experiences with victimization (self, acquaintances and media) and demographic variables (gender, age, educational level and work status). The results of this study may help to improve communication about risks regarding online banking.