In dit artikel wordt een overzicht gegeven van de overwegingen die ten grondslag liggen aan de marktafbakening bij de productie van eigen merk (branded), co-packing (merk van een derde) en private label (huismerk). Hierbij zullen zaken en kernoverwegingen uit de beschikkingspraktijk van de Europese Commissie, de ACM en de Britse mededingingsautoriteit CMA worden besproken. Het artikel spitst zicht toe op overwegingen voor het upstream (productie)niveau aan de hand van beschikkingen inzake, met name, levensmiddelen.

The social role of criminals in local communities has so far received relatively little systematic academic attention. This applies more specifically to their involvement in philanthropic activities. This paper describes and analyses the role of dubious sponsors particularly in Dutch amateur football. Although it is difficult to estimate the scope of the problem, results indicate that criminal sponsorship is not incidental. It mainly concerns corporate criminals, persons involved in drug crimes and outlaw motorcycle gangs. The main goal is to enhance their public image. In most cases, their involvement in crimes or regulatory offenses is difficult to assess without a doubt, which complicates preventative measures. Our analysis shows several interacting factors which increase clubs’ vulnerability to criminal infiltration: setting overambitious sportive goals; dependence on volunteers and a lack of formal integrity policies and internal compliance mechanisms; financial problems; and external pressures associated with the club’s role as the ‘pride’ of the city, the village or the neighbourhood.

Dit artikel gaat over de strafbaarstelling in artikel 140 lid 2 Sr en de uitleg van het bestanddeel ‘de voortzetting van de werkzaamheid van een verboden organisatie’ in het licht van de wetsgeschiedenis, recente opvattingen in de literatuur en aankomende wetgeving

The Dutch police has noticed that in cases of honour-based violence often people are involved that might suffer from some form of trauma. Over the last years the police has dealt with cases from, for example, refugees that have fled from with war infected regions. Next to that, the road to the north of Europe was also involved with serious safety issues. Therefore the police works together with specialists in the treatment of trauma. In this article some frequently encountered misunderstandings about trauma are described, illustrated with cases of honour-based violence. The first misunderstanding is that all trauma is PTSS; the second is that PTSD explains all the mis happenings in an individual’s life; the third misunderstanding is that EMDR is the effective treatment for all sorts of trauma.