Arbeidsmigratie is in de EU een belangrijk en actueel onderwerp. Enerzijds, omdat steeds meer landen in de EU te kennen geven dat ze voor het op peil houden van het arbeidspotentieel hun toevlucht moeten nemen tot het aantrekken van arbeidsmigranten van buiten de EU. Anderzijds blijkt dat er regelmatig sprake is van uitbuiting van deze arbeidsmigranten. In EU-wetgeving in het algemeen en de regulering van migratie van onderdanen van derde landen (derdelanders) naar de EU in het bijzonder wordt aandacht besteed aan de kwetsbare positie van derdelanders en een eerlijke behandeling. Het doel van migratiewetgeving is echter met name ook het beheersen van migratie, het bestrijden van illegale migratie en het stimuleren van economische ontwikkeling. Deze verschillende doelen kunnen met elkaar botsen. In dit artikel wordt onderzocht wat de invloed is van de EU-migratiewetgeving op de uitbuiting van arbeidsmigranten. |
Zoekresultaat: 22 artikelen
Jaar 2020 xArtikel |
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Tijdschrift | Arbeidsrechtelijke Annotaties, Aflevering 3 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Migratie, Derdelanders, Arbeidsuitbuiting |
Auteurs | Mr. drs. Gerrie Lodder |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Pending Cases |
Case C-502/20, Free Movement, Work and Residence PermitTP – v – Institut des experts en automobiles, reference lodged by the Cour d’appel de Mons (Belgium) on 5 October 2020 |
Tijdschrift | European Employment Law Cases, Aflevering 4 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Free Movement, Work and Residence Permit |
Article |
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Tijdschrift | Erasmus Law Review, Aflevering 2 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Migration, EU migration law, time |
Auteurs | Gerrie Lodder |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
States apply different material conditions to attract or restrict residence of certain types of migrants. But states can also make use of time as an instrument to design more welcoming or more restrictive policies. States can apply faster application procedures for desired migrants. Furthermore, time can be used in a more favourable way to attract desired migrants in regard to duration of residence, access to a form of permanent residence and protection against loss of residence. This contribution makes an analysis of how time is used as an instrument in shaping migration policy by the European Union (EU) legislator in the context of making migration more or less attractive. This analysis shows that two groups are treated more favourably in regard to the use of time in several aspects: EU citizens and economic- and knowledge-related third-country nationals. However, when it comes to the acquisition of permanent residence after a certain period of time, the welcoming policy towards economic- and knowledge-related migrants is no longer obvious. |
Article |
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Tijdschrift | Erasmus Law Review, Aflevering 3 2020 |
Trefwoorden | law and society, social change, discrimination, non-discrimination law, positive action |
Auteurs | Anita Böcker |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
A question that has preoccupied sociolegal scholars for ages is whether law can change ‘hearts and minds’. This article explores whether non-discrimination law can create social change, and, more particularly, whether it can change attitudes and beliefs as well as external behaviour. The first part examines how sociolegal scholars have theorised about the possibility and desirability of using law as an instrument of social change. The second part discusses the findings of empirical research on the social working of various types of non-discrimination law. What conclusions can be drawn about the ability of non-discrimination law to create social change? What factors influence this ability? And can non-discrimination law change people’s hearts and minds as well as their behaviour? The research literature does not provide an unequivocal answer to the latter question. However, the overall picture emerging from the sociolegal literature is that law is generally more likely to bring about changes in external behaviour and that it can influence attitudes and beliefs only indirectly, by altering the situations in which attitudes and opinions are formed. |
Article |
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Tijdschrift | Erasmus Law Review, Aflevering 3 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Positive obligations, sexual minorities, sexual orientation, European law, human rights |
Auteurs | Alina Tryfonidou |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This article seeks to examine the development of positive obligations under European law in the specific context of the rights of sexual minorities. It is clear that the law should respect and protect all sexualities and diverse intimate relationships without discrimination, and for this purpose it needs to ensure that sexual minorities can not only be free from state interference when expressing their sexuality in private, but that they should be given the right to express their sexuality in public and to have their intimate relationships legally recognised. In addition, sexual minorities should be protected from the actions of other individuals, when these violate their legal and fundamental human rights. Accordingly, in addition to negative obligations, European law must impose positive obligations towards sexual minorities in order to achieve substantive equality for them. The article explains that, to date, European law has imposed a number of such positive obligations; nonetheless, there is definitely scope for more. It is suggested that European law should not wait for hearts and minds to change before imposing additional positive obligations, especially since this gives the impression that the EU and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) are condoning or disregarding persistent discrimination against sexual minorities. |
Artikel |
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Tijdschrift | Law and Method, oktober 2020 |
Trefwoorden | comparative legal studies, legal education, pragmatism |
Auteurs | Alexandra Mercescu |
Auteursinformatie |
Pending Cases |
Case C-166/20, Other Forms of Free MovementBB – v – Lietuvos Respublikos sveikatos apsaugos ministerija (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Lithuania), reference lodged by the Lietuvos vyriausiasis administracinis teismas (Lithuania) on 22 April 2020 |
Tijdschrift | European Employment Law Cases, Aflevering 2 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Other Forms of Free Movement |
Rulings |
ECJ 30 April 2020, joined cases C-168/19 and C-169/19 (Istituto nazionale della previdenza sociale), Pension, Other Forms of DiscriminationHB – v – Istituto nazionale della previdenza sociale (INPS) (C-168/19); IC – v – Istituto nazionale della previdenza sociale (INPS) (C-169/19), Italian case |
Tijdschrift | European Employment Law Cases, Aflevering 2 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Pension, Other Forms of Discrimination |
Samenvatting |
The Italian tax regime resulting from the Italian-Portuguese double taxation convention does not infringe with the principles of free movement and non-discrimination. |
Rulings |
ECJ 23 April 2020, case C-710/18 (Land Niedersachsen (Périodes antérieures d’activité pertinente)), Other Forms of Free Movement, Terms of EmploymentWN – v – Land Niedersachsen, German case |
Tijdschrift | European Employment Law Cases, Aflevering 2 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Other Forms of Free Movement, Terms of Employment |
Samenvatting |
A limitation of taking into account relevant work experience gained in a Member State other than the home Member State for the purpose of determining the level of remuneration is contrary to Article 45 TFEU. |
Artikel |
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Tijdschrift | Netherlands Journal of Legal Philosophy, Aflevering 2 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Urgenda, Miller v. Secretary of State, Norm of judicial apoliticality, Ronald Dworkin, Judicial restraint |
Auteurs | Maurits Helmich |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Few legal theorists today would argue that the domain of law exists in isolation from other normative spheres governing society, notably from the domain of ‘politics’. Nevertheless, the implicit norm that judges should not act ‘politically’ remains influential and widespread in the debates surrounding controversial court cases. This article aims to square these two observations. Taking the Miller v. Secretary of State and Urgenda cases as illustrative case studies, the article demonstrates that what it means for judges to adjudicate cases ‘apolitically’ is itself a matter of controversy. In reflecting on their own constitutional role, courts are forced to take a stance on substantive questions of political philosophy. Nevertheless, that does not mean that the ‘norm of judicial apoliticality’ should therefore be rejected. The norm’s coherence lies in its intersocial function: its role in declaring certain modes of judicial interpretation and intervention legitimate (‘legal’/‘judicial’) or illegitimate (‘political’). |
Case Reports |
2020/36 Employer must pay compensation to an employee for violation of employee’s privacy due to GPS system in company car (AT) |
Tijdschrift | European Employment Law Cases, Aflevering 3 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Privacy |
Auteurs | Lukas Disarò |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
The Austrian Supreme Court has confirmed that an employer must pay compensation to an employee due to a violation of the employee’s privacy. The employer implemented a GPS system in its company cars without the employee’s knowledge and without legal basis. |
Article |
2020/30 Self-employment matters – the EU’s response to the lack of social protection for independent workers |
Tijdschrift | European Employment Law Cases, Aflevering 3 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Employment status, Miscellaneous |
Auteurs | Luca Ratti |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
The recent spread of the Covid-19 pandemic has shown how economic vulnerability varies considerably across European Member States (MSs), and so does social protection in the European Union (EU). The social and economic consequences of the pandemic have impacted asymmetrically national labour markets and exacerbated existing disparities and contradictions. A measure that most governments have introduced in the immediate aftermath has been that of making financial support available to those self-employed workers who lost fully or in part their income. Most MSs have employed quantitative thresholds to identify those self-employed more in need of public subsidies and have proportioned them according to the pre-pandemic levels of income, on the condition that they have been officially recorded as taxable revenues. |
Pending Cases |
Case C-261/20, Other Forms of Free MovementThelen Technopark Berlin GmbH – v – MN, reference lodged by the Bundesgerichtshof (Germany) on 15 June 2020 |
Tijdschrift | European Employment Law Cases, Aflevering 3 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Other Forms of Free Movement |
Artikel |
Pracademia: a personal account of a mediation clinic and its development |
Tijdschrift | Nederlands-Vlaams tijdschrift voor mediation en conflictmanagement, Aflevering 3 2020 |
Trefwoorden | mediation clinic, students, practicing, Circle of engagement, Susskind |
Auteurs | Charlie Irvine |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This article tells the story of University of Strathclyde Mediation Clinic through the eyes of its founder. Taking its first case in 2012, by the start of 2021 it will be providing a free mediation service in 16 of Scotland’s 39 sheriff courts, covering more than half the country’s population. Yet it started with no plan, no budget and a few volunteers. The article makes the case that mediation clinics, like mediation itself, call for improvisation, coining the term ‘pracademia’ to describe how such clinics straddle the two worlds of practice and theory. |
Article |
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Tijdschrift | Erasmus Law Review, Aflevering 2 2020 |
Trefwoorden | empirical legal studies, legal research methods, doctrinal legal research, new legal realism, critical legal studies, law and policy |
Auteurs | Gareth Davies |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This article considers how empirical legal studies (ELS) and doctrinal legal research (DLR) interact. Rather than seeing them as competitors that are methodologically independent and static, it suggests that they are interdependent activities, which may each be changed by interaction with the other, and that this change brings both opportunities and threats. For ELS, the article argues that DLR should properly be understood as part of its theoretical framework, yet in practice little attention is given to doctrine in empirical work. Paying more attention to DLR and legal frames generally would help ELS meet the common criticism that it is under-theorised and excessively policy oriented. On the other hand, an embrace of legal thinking, particularly of critical legal thinking, might lead to loss of status for ELS in policy circles and mainstream social science. For DLR, ELS offers a chance for it to escape the threat of insular sterility and irrelevance and to participate in a founded commentary on the world. The risk, however, is that in tailoring legal analysis to what can be empirically researched legal scholars become less analytically ambitious and more safe, and their traditionally important role as a source of socially relevant critique is weakened. Inevitably, in offering different ways of moving to normative conclusions about the law, ELS and DLR pose challenges to each other, and meeting those challenges will require sometimes uncomfortable self-reflection. |
Article |
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Tijdschrift | Erasmus Law Review, Aflevering 1 2020 |
Trefwoorden | age boundaries, right to be heard, child’s autonomy, civil proceedings, neuropsychology |
Auteurs | Mariëlle Bruning en Jiska Peper |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In the last decade neuropsychological insights have gained influence with regard to age boundaries in legal procedures, however, in Dutch civil law no such influence can be distinguished. Recently, voices have been raised to improve children’s legal position in civil law: to reflect upon the minimum age limit of twelve years for children to be invited to be heard in court and the need for children to have a stronger procedural position. |
Artikel |
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Tijdschrift | Netherlands Journal of Legal Philosophy, Aflevering Pre-publications 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Liberalism, Illiberalism, Illiberal practices, Extremism, Discrimination |
Auteurs | Bouke de Vries |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
‘Illiberal’ is an adjective that is commonly used by scholars. For example, they might speak of ‘illiberal cultures’, ‘illiberal groups’, ‘illiberal states’, ‘illiberal democracies’, ‘illiberal beliefs’, and ‘illiberal practices’. Yet despite its widespread usage, no in-depth discussions exist of exactly what it means for someone or something to be illiberal, or might mean. This article fills this lacuna by providing a conceptual analysis of the term ‘illiberal practices’, which I argue is basic in that other bearers of the property of being illiberal can be understood by reference to it. Specifically, I identify five ways in which a practice can be illiberal based on the different ways in which this term is employed within both scholarly and political discourses. The main value of this disaggregation lies in the fact that it helps to prevent confusions that arise when people use the adjective ‘illiberal’ in different ways, as is not uncommon. |
Artikel |
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Tijdschrift | Netherlands Journal of Legal Philosophy, Aflevering 1 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Concepts, Contextualism, Essentially Contested Concepts, Legal Theory, Freedom |
Auteurs | Dora Kostakopoulou |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Socio-political concepts are not singularities. They are, instead, complex and evolving contextures. An awareness of the latter and of what we need to do when we handle concepts opens up space for the resolution of political disagreements and multiplies opportunities for constructive dialogue and understanding. In this article, I argue that the concepts-as-contextures perspective can unravel conceptual connectivity and interweaving, and I substantiate this by examining the ‘contexture’ of liberty. I show that the different, and seemingly contested, definitions of liberty are the product of mixed articulations and the development of associative discursive links within a contexture. |
Artikel |
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Tijdschrift | Netherlands Journal of Legal Philosophy, Aflevering 1 2020 |
Auteurs | Vincent Dupont |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Ever since it was published in 2015, the judgment of the The Hague court in the so-called Urgenda-case, and the subsequent decisions of the appellate and cassation courts confirming it, have been met with repeated and vivid critiques. By recognizing the necessity of the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, and furthermore imposing a certain reduction level on the Dutch state, the judgments in the cases at hand gave rise to many questions concerning the position of the judiciary in the matter, and in Dutch society as a whole. This article attempts in the first place to situate the positions of the different actors intervening in the Urgenda-case within a legal-theoretical framework. The contribution subsequently explores the strategic possibilities that an alternative understanding of law could offer to the judges, focusing specifically on the use of legal instruments stemming from international law, brought into the reasoning of the national judge. |
Case Law |
2020/1 EELC’s review of the year 2019 |
Tijdschrift | European Employment Law Cases, Aflevering 1 2020 |
Auteurs | Ruben Houweling, Daiva Petrylaitė, Peter Schöffmann e.a. |
Samenvatting |
Various of our academic board analysed employment law cases from last year. However, first, we start with some general remarks. |