Wrongful convictions and miscarriages of justice, their reasons and effects, only rarely become the subject of academic debate in Poland. This article aims at filling this gap and providing a discussion on the current challenges of mechanisms available in Polish law focused on the verification of final judgments based on innocence claims. While there are two procedures designed to move such judgment: cassation and the reopening of criminal proceedings, only the latter aims at the verification of new facts and evidence, and this work remains focused exactly on that issue. The article begins with a case study of the famous Komenda case, which resulted in a successful innocence claim, serving as a good, though rare, example of reopening a case and acquitting the convict immediately and allows for discussing the reasons that commonly stand behind wrongful convictions in Poland. Furthermore, the article examines the innocence claim grounds as regulated in the Polish criminal procedure and their interpretation under the current case law. It also presents the procedure concerning the revision of the case. The work additionally provides the analysis of the use of innocence claim in practice, feeding on the statistical data and explaining tendencies in application for revision of a case. It also presents the efforts of the Polish Ombudsman and NGOs to raise public awareness in that field. The final conclusions address the main challenges that the Polish system faces concerning innocence claims and indicates the direction in which the system should go. |
Zoekresultaat: 121 artikelen
Jaar 2020 xArticle |
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Tijdschrift | Erasmus Law Review, Aflevering 4 2020 |
Trefwoorden | wrongful convictions, right to claim innocence, reopening of criminal proceedings, miscarriage of justice, revision of final judgment |
Auteurs | Wojciech Jasiński Ph.D., habilitation en Karolina Kremens Ph.D. |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Artikel |
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Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid, Aflevering 4 2020 |
Trefwoorden | taakgerelateerd ongeoorloofd handelen, noble cause corruption, politie, leiderschap, ethiek |
Auteurs | Robin Christiaan van Halderen en Benjamin Rafaël van Gelderen |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
The aim of the present research was to gain insight into the topic of ‘task-related rule-breaking behavior’ (TRB) among Dutch police officers. TRB is a more refined alternative for the concept of noble cause corruption and has been defined as: police officers breaking rules or formal agreements for the purpose of acting in a manner that contributes to the lawful police task. Qualitative research has been conducted within one of the ten regional police forces in the Netherlands. Results show that TRB appears to be a relatively common phenomenon during policework. Behaviors are categorized in sixteen categories and five overarching outlines. In addition, attention is given to several important factors that could be related to TRB being distinguishable between police officers’ individual responsibility and organizational factors. To handle TRB, it is recommended to pay attention to the police officers’ approach of judging and rationalizing their own behavior, their level of knowledge, and social skills. Furthermore, organizational structure (i.e., spam of control) and police leadership may, among other factors, play an important role in encouraging TRB. Especially the way supervisors deal with police officers’ professional autonomy needs specific attention in order to reduce TRB. Autonomy needs guidance in the form of clear orders followed by feedback and coaching. Also, an active form of ethical leadership is needed. An action framework is presented that could be helpful to supervisors to judge and thereby reduce forms of TRB. |
Artikel |
Boulevard Zuid in Rotterdam: een onderzoek naar het vertrouwen van winkeliers in politie en gemeente |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid, Aflevering 4 2020 |
Trefwoorden | shopkeepers, procedural justice, the Netherlands, ethnic minorities, performance theory |
Auteurs | Marc Schuilenburg, Laura Messie en Darnell de Vries |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In this article, we analyze which aspects of performance theory and the procedural justice-based model are explaining the trust of shopkeepers in the police and local government. Utilizing a survey of 156 shopkeepers and 94 semi-constructed interviews with shopkeepers, which are located at the South Shopping Boulevard in Rotterdam (The Netherlands), the study finds that shopkeepers have a relatively high trust in the police and local government. This is surprising because various attempts in the past 30 years to revive the high street by the government have failed to improve its bad image, as dwindling visitor numbers, poor turnover, limited range of retailers, empty shops and high crime and offence levels show only too plainly. The findings also highlight that ethnic minority respondents have more trust in local government than Dutch shopkeepers. The explanation therefor is sought in the dual frame of reference theory. |
Literatuur |
Overzicht Literatuur maart 2020 t/m augustus 2020 |
Tijdschrift | Crimmigratie & Recht, Aflevering 2 2020 |
Werk in uitvoering |
Herstelrecht op het terrein van verkeersongevallen. |
Tijdschrift | Recht der Werkelijkheid, Aflevering 2 2020 |
Trefwoorden | restorative justice, motor vehicle accidents, victimology, personal injury settlement |
Auteurs | Iris Becx MSc |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Those involved in a motor vehicle accident often have emotional needs that are not being met within the current framework of personal injury settlement. These needs include sharing one’s (side of the) story, getting in touch with the other person(s) involved and offering or receiving apologies. Following Nils Christie’s theory of ‘stolen’ conflicts, the fact that the people involved are often represented by lawyers or insurance companies is problematic because it alienates them from each other and it thwarts proper recovery. Incorporating restorative justice could offer a solution to this ‘theft’ of conflict, as it focuses on bringing all involved together to restore any of the harm done by concentrating on their needs. The central question to this dissertation is: how can restorative justice play a role in the sustainable resolution of conflicts after motor vehicle accidents so that the current insurance and liability system can better meet the immaterial needs of victims and perpetrators? Via several projects, the role of lawyers and insurance companies is studied. How beneficial or adversarial are their influences on victims and offenders? And can they incorporate restorative justice in their practice? The first publication is expected at the end of this year. |
Artikel |
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Tijdschrift | Recht der Werkelijkheid, Aflevering 2 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Pro Justitia, Guilt, Conviction, Forensic mental health report |
Auteurs | Roosmarijn van Es MSc., Dr. Janne van Doorn, Prof. dr. Jan de Keijser e.a. |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
A forensic mental health report is requested in about 30% of more serious cases presented to the criminal court. These reports can be used at sentencing and advise the judge on criminal responsibility, recidivism risk, and possible treatment measures, but is not a formal factor in decisions about guilt. The current study focuses on the (unwarranted) effect of forensic mental health information on conviction decisions. Using an experimental vignette study among 155 criminology students, results show that when a mental disorder is present, conviction rates are higher than when such information is absent. In line with the story model of judicial decision-making, additional analyses showed that this effect was mediated by the evaluation of guilt rather than by the evaluation of other physical evidence. Implications for further research and practice are discussed. |
Artikel |
Gelijkebehandelingswetgeving en identiteitsgebonden benoemingsbeleid van orthodox-protestantse scholenOnzekerheid over consistentie en het enkele feit |
Tijdschrift | Recht der Werkelijkheid, Aflevering 2 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Equal treatment / anti-discrimination, Orthodox-protestant schools, Religious norms, Semi-autonomous social fields, Uncertainty |
Auteurs | Mr. dr. Niels Rijke |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Within orthodox-protestant schools in The Netherlands there is growing diversity and uncertainty about internal religious, cultural and social norms. Though orthodox-protestant schools are among the strongest semi-autonomous social fields, where it is difficult for equal treatment law to pervade, this growing diversity and uncertainty about internal norms can make this pervasion possible. The uncertainty about the meaning of the exception clause in equal treatment legislation for the appointment policy of religious schools also affects this. |
Redactioneel |
(Ruim) veertig jaar Recht der Werkelijkheid: verleden, heden en toekomst |
Tijdschrift | Recht der Werkelijkheid, Aflevering 2 2020 |
Auteurs | Dr. Nienke Doornbos en Dr. Paulien de Winter |
Auteursinformatie |
Boekbespreking |
Lawrence O. Gostin & Benjamin Mason Meier, Foundations of Global Health & Human Rights |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Gezondheidsrecht, Aflevering 6 2020 |
Auteurs | Prof. mr. A.C. Hendriks |
Auteursinformatie |
Artikel |
Kwantificering van de voor- en nadelen van duurzaamheidsafspraken onder artikel 6 lid 3 Mededingingswet |
Tijdschrift | Markt & Mededinging, Aflevering 4-5 2020 |
Trefwoorden | duurzaamheid, afspraken, KBA, WZA, capaciteitenbenadering |
Auteurs | Eva van der Zee |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Deze bijdrage richt zich op de mogelijkheden en beperkingen om voor- en nadelen van een duurzaamheidsafspraak te kwantificeren onder artikel 6 lid 3 Mededingingswet gebaseerd op de kosten-batenanalyse, de welzijnsanalyse en de capaciteitenbenadering. |
Artikel |
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Tijdschrift | Recht der Werkelijkheid, Aflevering 3 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Corona, Crime, Lockdown, Opportunity theory, COVID-19 |
Auteurs | Dr. Edwin Kruisbergen, Marco Haas MA, Drs. Joanieke Snijders e.a. |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
To control the COVID-19 outbreak Dutch government opted for a so-called intelligent lockdown. The virus as well as the lockdown caused significant personal and societal damage. It also created, however, a unique natural experiment. How did the forced stay in affect the crime levels? This article presents empirical data on crime trends during the lockdown. Initially, the general crime level decreased sharply. However, the general crime level quickly returned to pre-lockdown levels. Different types of crime displayed divergent trends, e.g. property crimes decreased sharply whereas online crime rates increased considerably. These trends fit rather well with an opportunity theoretical approach regarding crime. |
Redactioneel |
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Tijdschrift | Recht der Werkelijkheid, Aflevering 3 2020 |
Auteurs | Prof. dr. Koen Van Aeken |
Auteursinformatie |
Annotatie |
One train! (but different working conditions)CJEU 19 December 2019, C-16/18, ECLI:EU:C:2019:1110 (Michael Dobersberger v Magistrat der Stadt Wien) |
Tijdschrift | Arbeidsrechtelijke Annotaties, Aflevering 3 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Posting of workers, International train, Transport sector, Subcontracting, Short-term posting |
Auteurs | Marco Rocca |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
The Dobersberger decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union deals with the legal situation of posted workers on an international train. These workers, employed by a Hungarian company and based in Hungary, operate on a train connecting Budapest with Salzburg and Munich. The Court concludes against their inclusion under the Posting of Workers Directive, considering their connection to the Austrian territory as too limited. This decision is based on a selective representation of the facts and sits difficultly with the letter of the law and the intention of the legislator. |
Artikel |
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Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Religie, Recht en Beleid, Aflevering 3 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Hizb ut-Tahrir, democratie, Nederland, kalifaat, jihad |
Auteurs | Peter Grol en Daan Weggemans |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Political parties in the Netherlands have been calling for a ban on Hizb ut-Tahrir for years. But what do we actually know about this movement, its supporters and how they relate to Dutch society? This article is one of the first attempts to paint a more complete picture. It shows that the movement and its supporters adhere strictly to the course of the (re) establishment of the caliphate that was mapped out by founder Taqiuddin al-Nabhani in the 1950s. However, the assumption that the movement would advocate or encourage the use of violence requires nuance. These insights are not ‘static’ or ‘comprehensive’ and should be seen as a contribution to the discussion of the nature of the movement. The question of how the course – ideas and activities – of Hizb ut-Tahrir relates to democratic society will be addressed in a subsequent article. |
Annotatie |
Het Hongaarse banken-arrest: vlees doch vis en een eendentest voor doelbeperkingen |
Tijdschrift | Markt & Mededinging, Aflevering 6 2020 |
Trefwoorden | VWEU, doelbeperking, Paroxetine |
Auteurs | Ruben Elkerbout |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Bespreking van het Hongaarse banken-arrest van het Hof van Justitie over het concept van de doelbeperking. |
Article |
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Tijdschrift | European Employment Law Cases, Aflevering 4 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Applicable Law, Posting of Workers |
Auteurs | Gautier Busschaert en Pieter Pecinovsky |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This article focuses on the posting of workers in the aviation industry. The main problem is that it is not clear in which situations the Posting of Workers Directive should be applied to aircrew (i.e. cabin crew and pilots). The aviation sector is characterised by a very mobile workforce in which it is possible for employees to provide services from different countries in a very short timeframe. This makes it, to a certain extent, easier for employers to choose the applicable social legislation, which can lead to detrimental working conditions for their aircrew. This article looks into how the Posting of Workers Directive can prevent some air carriers from unilaterally determining the applicable social legislation and makes some suggestions to end unfair social competition in the sector. This article is based on a research report which the authors drafted in 2019 with funding from the European Commission (hereafter the ‘Report’) |
Case Reports |
2020/48 Norwegian parental benefits provisions disadvantaging men found outside the scope of Equal Treatment Directive (NO) |
Tijdschrift | European Employment Law Cases, Aflevering 4 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Parental Leave, Gender Discrimination |
Auteurs | Jonas Thorsdalen Wik en Dag Sørlie Lund |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
On 13 December 2019 the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) Court held that a national provision that renders a father’s entitlement to parental benefits during a shared period of leave dependent on the mother’s situation, but not vice versa, fell outside the scope of Directive 2006/54/EC (the Equal Treatment Directive) since it did not concern “employment and working conditions” within the meaning of Article 14(1)(c) of that Directive. The action brought by the EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA) was thus dismissed. The Court consequently did not consider whether the Norwegian rules amounted to unlawful discrimination under the Directive. Furthermore, no assessment was made as to the potential breach with the general principle of equality of gender under EEA law, as this had not been pleaded by ESA. |
Artikel |
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Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 4 2020 |
Trefwoorden | money laundering, financial facilitators, networked criminology, organized crime |
Auteurs | Jo-Anne Kramer, Arjan Blokland en Melvin Soudijn |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
The Financial Action Task Force reported that money launderers may operate in professional money laundering networks. Whether such money laundering networks operate in the Netherlands is unclear. In this article the authors therefore explore whether professional money launderers collaborate in network structures and the business-like manner in which they offer their services. Business-like refers to their involvement in multiple cases, the amount of repeat customers, and excludes family relations. The research is based on Dutch police registrations of 236 professional money launderers. Our results suggest that professional money laundering networks are indeed active in the Netherlands and that money launderers in these networks offer their services in a business-like manner to a varying extent. An important caveat to the current findings is that the criminal cases analyzed predominantly pertain drug-related offenses, leaving the existence and professionalism of money laundering networks in other types of crime, like large-scale fraud, a question open for future research. |
Artikel |
Een netwerkbenadering van de prostitutiesector in Noord-Nederland op basis van politieregistraties |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 4 2020 |
Trefwoorden | social network analysis, hidden population estimation, subgroup detection, key player problem, prostitution |
Auteurs | Johan Hiemstra, Gijs Huitsing en Jan Kornelis Dijkstra |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
The aim of this study was to investigate the scale and network structure of prostitution in the northern provinces of the Netherlands. This study tries to answer three research questions – using a social network analysis – about (1) the size of the prostitution network, (2) the formation of subgroups, and (3) key positions within the networks. The findings show that approximately two thirds of the researched prostitution networks is still unregistered, while there are indications that the outcome of the estimate is in line with the actual situation. Furthermore, results show that prostitutes have a tendency to form subgroups on the basis of the same nationality, which indicates that homophily plays a role in the formation of subgroups. The identification of the actors who occupy key positions in the network were based on the key player problem (KPP). A striking finding was that organizers of prostitution (such as pimps) did not have a central position in the networks. These findings provide insight into the way in which prostitution is registered, and provide points of departure for interventions to disrupt the network or, on the contrary, to strengthen it. |
Kroniek |
Plattelandscriminologie |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 4 2020 |
Trefwoorden | Rural criminology, Policing, Critical criminology, Cultural criminology, Environmental crime |
Auteurs | Toine Spapens |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Criminology has traditionally focused on urban areas where crime visibly concentrates. However, since the 1990s, attention for ‘rural criminology’ has steadily increased. First, rural areas are confronted with partly different and less visible crime problems, such as environmental crimes. Second, public actors such as enforcement and other agencies are less present and ‘available’ in rural areas, and people on average trust the government less to provide support when necessary. This chronicle presents an overview of international and Dutch research in the context of rural criminology. The paper addresses cultural differences between urban and rural areas, high-volume crimes, gender-related violence, alcohol and drug abuse, environmental crime, and enforcement in rural areas. |