The Netherlands pursues an active policy of excluding and prosecuting potential perpetrators of international crimes. In recent years hundreds of people have been excluded from taking part in the asylum procedure. Bringing cases to court, however, has proven to be very difficult in practice. Most excluded persons reside illegally in the Netherlands or elsewhere in Europe. A good overview of the grounds upon which persons have been excluded and with what types of crimes they are associated is currently lacking. The Netherlands – actually the international community as a whole – still struggles with a number of legal and ethical issues. International law, for example, does not provide an adequate solution for some convicted excluded asylum seekers after their release. |
Zoekresultaat: 72 artikelen
Jaar 2011 xArtikel |
Als vluchtelingen (mogelijk) daders zijn1F-uitsluiting van de asielprocedure en vervolging van internationale misdrijven |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 4 2011 |
Trefwoorden | international crimes, asylum, exclusion, 1F, formal residence ban |
Auteurs | Dr. mr. Joris van Wijk |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Artikel |
De paradox van de Duitse concentratiekampenEen criminologische duiding van de ‘plantage’ in Dachau (1937-1945) |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 4 2011 |
Trefwoorden | Dachau concentration camp, practices of extermination, German economic interests, organizational criminology, Vaughan |
Auteurs | Kenneth Hemmerechts en Prof. dr. Stephan Parmentier |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
During the Second World War, a large number of prisoners were put to work in concentration camps in order to contribute to the development of Germany. As this labour became more important in economic terms during the years 1939 to 1945, the death toll in the camps also rose during the same period. This contribution aims at providing insight into the apparent contradiction (paradox) between the practices of extermination on the one hand and the German economic interests on the other hand. Not only has historiography paid relatively little attention to this phenomenon (it is not a main topic), criminology has also remained remarkably silent during this debate. Looking at the ‘plantation’ in Dachau concentration camp (1937-1945) we develop an exploratory analysis of the subject. Using Vaughan’s organizational criminology, we discuss the paradox and address the question of the extent to which criminology can offer explanations for phenomena of this kind. |
Artikel |
Een victimologisch perspectief op het internationale strafrecht |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 4 2011 |
Trefwoorden | international crimes, victimology, (international) criminal justice, victims’ rights |
Auteurs | Dr. Antony Pemberton, Prof. mr. dr. Rianne Letschert, Dr. mr. Anne-Marie de Brouwer e.a. |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This article develops a victimological perspective on international criminal justice, based on a review of the main victimological characteristics of international crimes. These include the complicity or active involvement of government agencies, the large numbers of victims and the peculiar position of international crime victims who, at the time the crimes are committed, are usually not viewed as victims by the perpetrators, but placed outside the moral sphere or even depicted as perpetrators rather than victims.Key elements of this perspective concern the external coherence of the criminal justice reaction - the interlinking of criminal justice with other reparative efforts - as well as its internal coherence - the extent to which the procedures of international criminal justice are aligned with what it realistically can and should achieve. With internal coherence in mind, the article examines the victimological findings relating to the main rights of victims in the criminal procedure (recognition/acknowledgement, information/participation and compensation/reparation) and subsequently analyzes how the specifics of international crimes moderate them. |
Artikel |
De staat van de criminologie van internationale misdrijven |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 4 2011 |
Trefwoorden | criminology of international crimes, genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity |
Auteurs | Mr. dr. Roelof Haveman, Prof. dr. Alette Smeulers, Prof. dr. Stephan Parmentier e.a. |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
What do we know about the criminological aspects of international crimes? What do they entail and what are facilitating factors which can help us understand their causes and how should we respond to these crimes? Are international crimes merely a more extreme form of ordinary crimes or are they a different kind of criminality? In the past few years a growing number of scholars both at a national and at an international level have devoted their scholarly attention to this important and urgent research theme. In this special issue we aim to present a number of articles in which different perspectives on this topic are presented. By doing so we hope to enhance our knowledge of this phenomenon and to provide an impulse to further criminological research within this area in both the Netherlands and Belgium. This introductory article gives an overview of the state of the art of international crime criminology in the Netherlands and Belgium, and the rest of the world. |
Artikel |
Propaganda en paramilitairenDe normalisatie van geweld in het Servië van de jaren negentig |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, Aflevering 4 2011 |
Trefwoorden | state crime, Serbia, propaganda, paramilitary units, Arkan |
Auteurs | MSc Maartje Weerdesteijn en Prof. dr. Alette Smeulers |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
During the 1990s the Serbian government entered into a symbiotic relationship with criminals and paramilitary units which led to a normalization of crime and violence. While society usually inhibits people from criminal behavior, in Serbia this process was reversed. Propaganda contained the neutralization techniques that allowed people to condone and even approve of violent and criminal behavior. The reversal of the moral order became part of Serbia’s popular culture in which criminals who had committed many atrocities during the war, like Arkan, were honored. In this way, Arkan served not only a military and strategic purpose but also a political one, by generating support for the war. |
Artikel |
Over objectieve en subjectieve onveiligheidEn de (on)zin van het rationaliteitdebat |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid, Aflevering 4 2011 |
Trefwoorden | fear of crime, fear victimization paradox, rationality debate |
Auteurs | Stefaan Pleysier |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This contribution focuses on ‘fear of crime’ research. Departing from the classic distinction between crime and victimization as objective threats, on the one hand, and fear of crime as a subjective and emotional interpretation of that threat, on the other hand, the research tradition is confronted with the so-called fear victimization paradox. This paradox emerges from the observation that fear of crime is greater among women and elderly people, while these groups actually are less at risk of becoming a crime victim. It has immersed the research tradition in a dominant debate on the rationality of the fear of crime, with two opposing paradigms: rationalist and symbolic.Whilst both the paradox and the different paradigms in the debate offer a view at the core of fear of crime research, and illustrate how similar empirical observations can lead to differing explanations, and policy implications for that matter, we argue that the fear victimization paradox and the rationality debate surrounding this paradox, has occupied the bulk of research on fear of crime with what is essentially a nonsensical and redundant debate. |
Artikel |
Regulering in een hybride veiligheidszorgOver de bewaking van een publiek goed in een deels geprivatiseerd bestel |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid, Aflevering 4 2011 |
Trefwoorden | regulation, security, privatization, public good, self-regulation |
Auteurs | Jan Terpstra |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This paper deals with the question of how a partly privatized security sector could be regulated. A central aim of this regulation should be the control of security as a public good. Three models of regulation are analyzed. The current practice of this regulation in the Netherlands shows a serious lack of effectiveness. One of our main conclusions is that neither the state nor the private sector is able to enforce this regulation on their own. However, it is assumed that the state should have a central and integrated regulatory role in this field, with more attention paid to the practical implementation of it, with the power and will to sanction private agencies if necessary. In addition managers of private security companies should adopt a role as public managers with a public moral duty. Regulation of security is faced with a double problematic, not only the horizontal fragmentation of the field, but also the vertical fragmentation, often resulting in a serious gap between managers and those in the field, both in the public and the private sector. This implies that the regulation should not only rest on the state and on self-regulation by the sector at management level, but also on the promotion of a practical ethic for security workers to steer and regulate their daily work. |
Redactioneel |
Tien jaar Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid, Aflevering 4 2011 |
Auteurs | Lonneke van Noije |
Auteursinformatie |
Artikel |
Jazzy structuresEen slotbeschouwing over de toekomst van veiligheid |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid, Aflevering 4 2011 |
Auteurs | Hans Boutellier |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
The author provides a discussion of the articles in this issue of the Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid (Journal on Security) on the occasion of its tenth anniversary. He notes that there is an increasing hybridising, subjectification and fragmentation in the security area. The increasing interweaving of security politics seems to apply least to a common approach in ‘social security and physical safety issues’ (crime control and disaster and crisis management), while exactly this was aimed for in so-called integral security politics. According to the author that is the case because of ‘the moral pin’, which plays a dominant role in crime, but not in safety issues. The entanglement of forms of security identified by the author has a normative basis – it comes from the social order of an increasingly complex society. For the future an ever greater responsibilisation can be expected, in which the perception of security becomes even more important than it is now already. Not a big orchestrated security policy, but jazzy structures will then determine the prospects. |
Artikel |
Citizenship in Transnational Social SpacesNew Ways to Study Socio-legal Boundaries |
Tijdschrift | Recht der Werkelijkheid, Aflevering 3 2011 |
Auteurs | Thomas Faist |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In order to establish and evaluate the significance of changing socio-legal boundaries and how these are mirrored in citizenship, cross-border formations of the social and citizenship rules must be discussed. The first part of this paper deals with changes in social boundaries across state borders and presents three generations of transnational studies. Based on this, the second part asks how legal boundaries have changed in the case of dual citizenship and supranational social citizenship. Citizenship is a particularly important issue because it sits at the intersection of social and legal boundaries. There is a growing tolerance toward dual citizenship and the evolution of supranational citizenship, one in which migrants enjoy a transnational life that is supported by the implementation of human rights principles in national constitutions, legislation and in European Union court rulings. |
Artikel |
Hersteldimensies in de slachtofferzorg |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift voor Herstelrecht, Aflevering 4 2011 |
Trefwoorden | victim policy, victim restoration, victim assistance, restorative justice |
Auteurs | Ivo Aertsen en Inge Vanfraechem |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This article sketches some important tendencies in the attention for victims of crime, including in supranational regulation, with regard to the position of the offender and possibilities for restorative justice. The evaluation of victim policy in Belgium offers a view on this topic: victims have certain expectations towards the justice system and pose questions with regard to the offender. A third issue regards the place of restoration within the whole range of consequences of crime for victims: what is the meaning of ‘harm’ and what is the content of ‘restoration’ for victims? A last topic considers the openness of victim assistance programmes with regard to the offender dimension and possibilities of restorative justice. This article thus evaluates the possible link between victim assistance and restorative justice. |
Discussie |
|
Tijdschrift | Netherlands Journal of Legal Philosophy, Aflevering 3 2011 |
Auteurs | Gunther Teubner |
Samenvatting |
In this concluding article, Gunther Teubner addresses his critics. |
Discussie |
|
Tijdschrift | Netherlands Journal of Legal Philosophy, Aflevering 3 2011 |
Trefwoorden | societal constitutionalism, Gunther Teubner, system theory, fundamental rights |
Auteurs | Gert Verschraegen |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This contribution explores how much state is necessary to make societal constitutionalism work. I first ask why the idea of a global societal constitutionalism ‘beyond the state-and-politics’ might be viewed as a significant and controversial, but nonetheless justified innovation. In the second part I discuss what Teubner calls ‘the inclusionary effects of fundamental rights’. I argue that Teubner underplays the mediating role of the state in guaranteeing inclusion or access, and in a way presupposes well-functioning states in the background. In areas of limited statehood there is a problem of enforcing fundamental rights law. It is an open question whether, and under which conditions, constitutional norms within particular global social spheres can provide enough counter-weight when state constitutional norms are lacking. |
Artikel |
|
Tijdschrift | Netherlands Journal of Legal Philosophy, Aflevering 3 2011 |
Trefwoorden | fundamental rights, societal constitutionalism, inclusionary and exclusionary effects, anonymous matrix |
Auteurs | Gunther Teubner |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Violations of human rights by transnational corporations and by other ‘private’ global actors raise problems that signal the limits of the traditional doctrine of ‘horizontal effects’. To overcome them, constitutional law doctrine needs to be complemented by perspectives from legal theory and sociology of law. This allows new answers to the following questions: What is the validity basis of human rights in transnational ‘private’ regimes – extraterritorial effect, colère public or external pressures on autonomous law making in global regimes? Do they result in protective duties of the states or in direct human rights obligations of private transnational actors? What does it mean to generalise state-directed human rights and to respecify them for different social spheres? Are societal human rights limited to ‘negative’ rights or is institutional imagination capable of developing ‘positive’ rights – rights of inclusion and participation in various social fields? Are societal human rights directed exclusively against corporate actors or can they be extended to counteract structural violence of anonymous social processes? Can such broadened perspectives of human rights be re-translated into the practice of public interest litigation? |
Artikel |
|
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 0 2011 |
Trefwoorden | moral panic, left realism, sociological imagination, sociology of deviance, Jock Young |
Auteurs | René van Swaaningen |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In this interview with René van Swaaningen Jock Young discusses the development of his work from the ethnographic work in Notting Hill that in 1971 led to the The Drugstakers, to the New Criminology of 1973 and Left Realism that emerged in the early 1980s. In his current work on cultural criminology Young invites us to take a closer look at the work of C. Wright Mills on sociological imagination and the power elites and Robert Merton’s on social structure and anomie. According to Young this would make a forceful critique of the current policy-ridden and a-theoretical state criminology is currently in. |
Artikel |
Symmetrie in homicide |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 0 2011 |
Trefwoorden | social rank, honour, conflict, close social bonds, small communities |
Auteurs | Anton Blok |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
An analysis of about 2,200 cases of homicides in the Netherlands committed between 1992 and 2006 shows that lethal violence typically results from conflict in symmetric relations in which social rank is ambiguous. The settings of homicides are mostly well-integrated, small communities, including families, rural villages in tribal and agrarian societies, modern urban neighbourhoods, gettos, criminal organisations, and ethnic enclaves. The mechanism that drives antagonism between people in such places is their attachment, close-knit structure, and common features. Earlier, Simmel developed this insight in lethal conflict when saying ‘the more we have in common with another as whole persons, the more easily will our totality be involved in every single relationship to that person, hence the disproportionate violence to which normally well-controlled people can be moved within their relations to those closest to them.’ Contemporary sociologists, ethnographers, and historians amply corroborated this view of lethal violence. In his comparative work Gould shows a compelling connection between ambiguity of social rank and lethal conflict. Knauft investigated the high homicide rates in a New Guinea community and found that lethal violence resulting from sorcery attributions is not the anti-thesis of the ideal of ‘good company’ but its ultimate culmination. |
Artikel |
Rondzwerven, stedelijke ruimte en transgressie |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 0 2011 |
Trefwoorden | drift, transgression, precarity, urban control |
Auteurs | Jeff Ferrell |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This article describes and judges the complex and often contradictory dynamic by which boundaries are constructed and transgressed. This dynamic reveals much about power, meaning, and the political economy of crime and control. The author describes the project undertaken by Critical Mass riders and precarity activists. These projects explore the possibilities of drift as collective experience and collective transgression. The pervasiveness of drift in contemporary society, paired with the subversive cultures of drift emerging around new social movements and alternative spatial practices, point toward a new kind of global collectivity. |
Artikel |
Etnografie en criminologie in het tropisch regenwoud |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 0 2011 |
Trefwoorden | green criminology, ethnography, rainforests, illegal logging |
Auteurs | Tim Boekhout van Solinge |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
This article discusses tropical deforestation from a cultural criminological perspective, by using qualitative methods such as ethnography and interviews, and by emphasizing the difficulties, dangers and dilemmas of ethnographic research. Case studies include timber smuggling from Indonesia to Malaysia and deforestation for bauxite, soy and timber in Brazil’s Amazon. Also described are meetings with (Dutch) timber traders, policy makers and law enforcers. Tropical deforestation is responsible for a great deal of harm, crime and violence, mainly committed by ranchers and loggers. Victims are humans (including humanity’s oldest societies), future generations (considering the impact on greenhouse gas emissions and climate change) and non-humans (with risks of extinctions). |
Redactioneel |
Over cultuur en criminaliteit |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 0 2011 |
Trefwoorden | culture, crime, media, research methods |
Auteurs | Marc Schuilenburg, Dina Siegel, Richard Staring e.a. |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
In the introduction to this first issue of the Dutch Journal on Culture and Crime, the editors first examine the history of cultural perspectives in criminology and the reasons why this approach is particularly relevant to analyse crime in our globalised consumer societies. Cultural criminology’s social-constructionist perspectives on the key-concepts, culture and crime, are elaborated next, followed by an exposé of the new imaginative meaning of media-studies in our age of information. In the last paragraph the claim is made that, although ethnography plays a key-role, there is a wide variety of research methodologies that can be applied in cultural criminological framework. |
Boekbespreking |
‘Alles is politiek!’ Topografie van het Israëlisch-Palestijnse conflict |
Tijdschrift | Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit, Aflevering 0 2011 |
Trefwoorden | conflict, cartography, state crime, visual ethnography, propaganda |
Auteurs | Dina Siegel |
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie |
Atlas of the Conflict by Israeli architect Malkit Shoshan presents a fascinating historical analysis of a difficult relationship between Jews and Palestinians. It shows, in maps and diagrams, a great discrepancy in perceptions of both people on such issues as borders, land, heritage, water and settlements. Visual research methods, which are used in this project, are important and innovative to get a deeper insight in the nature of this conflict. However some questions about misuse, propaganda and manipulation of information and symbols remain open and can lead to an important discussion in cultural criminology on the relationship between conflict and culture. |