The aim of the present research was to gain insight into the topic of ‘task-related rule-breaking behavior’ (TRB) among Dutch police officers. TRB is a more refined alternative for the concept of noble cause corruption and has been defined as: police officers breaking rules or formal agreements for the purpose of acting in a manner that contributes to the lawful police task. Qualitative research has been conducted within one of the ten regional police forces in the Netherlands. Results show that TRB appears to be a relatively common phenomenon during policework. Behaviors are categorized in sixteen categories and five overarching outlines. In addition, attention is given to several important factors that could be related to TRB being distinguishable between police officers’ individual responsibility and organizational factors. To handle TRB, it is recommended to pay attention to the police officers’ approach of judging and rationalizing their own behavior, their level of knowledge, and social skills. Furthermore, organizational structure (i.e., spam of control) and police leadership may, among other factors, play an important role in encouraging TRB. Especially the way supervisors deal with police officers’ professional autonomy needs specific attention in order to reduce TRB. Autonomy needs guidance in the form of clear orders followed by feedback and coaching. Also, an active form of ethical leadership is needed. An action framework is presented that could be helpful to supervisors to judge and thereby reduce forms of TRB.

Little is known about (former) partners of 1%motorcycle club members. Social professionals working with victims of domestic violence in shelters have regular encounters with these mostly female (ex-)partners. In this exploratory contribution we wonder what is known about domestic violence amongst people with (ex-)partners of 1%motorcycle club members and the consequences of the involvement of a motorcycle club for tackling this violence. Based on thirteen semi-structured interviews with social professionals working in a shelter, external professionals and (ex-)partners, the link between domestic violence and membership of a motorcycle club could not be verified. What this research does show is that safety is the number one priority in working with these (ex-)partners. Furthermore, it shows how complex it is to assess the seriousness of potential threat coming from these 1%motorcyle clubs. Further research on domestic violence in environments associated with organised crime and the cooperation between the judiciary system and social professionals is needed to improve safety and wellbeing for this specific group.

Traditionally, the mayor has an important role as a citizen’s father and as a maintainer of public order. In the context of the so-called ‘undermining’ criminality, the mayor has been increasingly empowered with new legal instruments to combat undermining criminality. Some mayors see themselves as a sheriff. However, in the Dutch Municipal Act, the mayor only has a task of maintaining the public order. How does this task relate to combating undermining criminality? What is the role of the mayor in the combat of undermining criminality? Nowadays, there is no legal basis in the Dutch Municipal Act to equip the mayor with crime-fighting duties. This article proposes to equip the mayor with a legal duty as a crime fighter.

In Het Papieren Paleis laten wij zien dat het strafrecht volgens de spelregels van de wetboeken vaak niet doet wat nodig is. De zoektocht naar betere manieren om de strafdoelen te bereiken is volop aan de gang. Hier een voorproefje van waar het volgens het boek heen gaat.

In het kader van ontwrichtende criminaliteit ontstaat steeds meer aandacht voor de gebruikerskant. Zo ook voor de harddrugsgebruiker, die een ontwrichtende invloed op de samenleving heeft. Dit artikel beantwoordt daarom de vraag of strafbaarstelling van harddrugsgebruik legitiem en rechtvaardig is. Teneinde deze vraag te beantwoorden wordt getoetst aan de criteria voor strafbaarstelling en worden de argumenten die ten grondslag liggen aan de strafbaarstelling van de prostituant die misbruik maakt van prostituees die slachtoffer zijn van mensenhandel ter inspiratie gebruikt.

Since society was secularized, the values of democracy based on the rule of law seem to have the best (potential) binding force for social cohesion. These values are linked to Christianity however. The relation between both will be explained by a critical review of Larry Siedentops Inventing the individual and Olivier Roy’s l’Europe est-elle chrétienne?

Organizing dog fights is prohibited in the Netherlands. In such fights, two dogs have to fight each other, sometimes to the death. The animal suffering behind this is enormous. Little is known in the Netherlands about the phenomenon of dog fighting, both from a scientific point of view and through criminal cases. In this contribution, we outline the world behind dog fights by describing how dog fights work, who are part of the entourage and within which criminal infrastructure the dog fights take place. Finally, the problem is discussed and the current approach by the appropriate authorities is discussed and which gaps can be discovered.

The Financial Action Task Force reported that money launderers may operate in professional money laundering networks. Whether such money laundering networks operate in the Netherlands is unclear. In this article the authors therefore explore whether professional money launderers collaborate in network structures and the business-like manner in which they offer their services. Business-like refers to their involvement in multiple cases, the amount of repeat customers, and excludes family relations. The research is based on Dutch police registrations of 236 professional money launderers. Our results suggest that professional money laundering networks are indeed active in the Netherlands and that money launderers in these networks offer their services in a business-like manner to a varying extent. An important caveat to the current findings is that the criminal cases analyzed predominantly pertain drug-related offenses, leaving the existence and professionalism of money laundering networks in other types of crime, like large-scale fraud, a question open for future research.

The aim of this study was to investigate the scale and network structure of prostitution in the northern provinces of the Netherlands. This study tries to answer three research questions – using a social network analysis – about (1) the size of the prostitution network, (2) the formation of subgroups, and (3) key positions within the networks. The findings show that approximately two thirds of the researched prostitution networks is still unregistered, while there are indications that the outcome of the estimate is in line with the actual situation. Furthermore, results show that prostitutes have a tendency to form subgroups on the basis of the same nationality, which indicates that homophily plays a role in the formation of subgroups. The identification of the actors who occupy key positions in the network were based on the key player problem (KPP). A striking finding was that organizers of prostitution (such as pimps) did not have a central position in the networks. These findings provide insight into the way in which prostitution is registered, and provide points of departure for interventions to disrupt the network or, on the contrary, to strengthen it.

Criminology has traditionally focused on urban areas where crime visibly concentrates. However, since the 1990s, attention for ‘rural criminology’ has steadily increased. First, rural areas are confronted with partly different and less visible crime problems, such as environmental crimes. Second, public actors such as enforcement and other agencies are less present and ‘available’ in rural areas, and people on average trust the government less to provide support when necessary. This chronicle presents an overview of international and Dutch research in the context of rural criminology. The paper addresses cultural differences between urban and rural areas, high-volume crimes, gender-related violence, alcohol and drug abuse, environmental crime, and enforcement in rural areas.

This article seeks to provide an introduction to art theft today. It is divided into sections that look at the context in which art is stolen, definitions of key terms, an explanation as to why the field is understudied and under-reported, and a brief history of the phenomenon. It also contains sidelines on actual developments like the theft of a Van Gogh painting from the Singer Laren Museum in the Netherlands as well as on the drop of art theft since the start of the Corona pandemic.

This article provides insight into the approach of the Dutch police to the criminal trade in art, antiques and cultural goods. The authors begin with a brief historical sketch of the development of art crime, before examining the question of how the police in the Netherlands has organized itself in this field. The scope of art crime and how to determine it is also examined. Much information is available from various sources, but a thorough and adequate picture is lacking. Finally, a specific form of art crime is discussed, namely false art. Detecting false art is a tough process, because different parties involved often share the same interests, resulting in ‘walls of silence’.

Hesdy Gerges is a heavyweight kickboxer whose career was interrupted because of his involvement in an cocaine transport. This article is analyzes the biography of this top fighter, describing the macro context of an expanding market for full-contact martial arts, the meso level of the gym and its relation to the criminal milieu, and the fighter and his body on the micro level. Hesdy is used to set an example, and since it takes more than seven years to reach a verdict, the impact on his private life and his career as a fighter is large. The study is based on participant observation and 33 interviews, twenty of which with the protagonist.

The social role of criminals in local communities has so far received relatively little systematic academic attention. This applies more specifically to their involvement in philanthropic activities. This paper describes and analyses the role of dubious sponsors particularly in Dutch amateur football. Although it is difficult to estimate the scope of the problem, results indicate that criminal sponsorship is not incidental. It mainly concerns corporate criminals, persons involved in drug crimes and outlaw motorcycle gangs. The main goal is to enhance their public image. In most cases, their involvement in crimes or regulatory offenses is difficult to assess without a doubt, which complicates preventative measures. Our analysis shows several interacting factors which increase clubs’ vulnerability to criminal infiltration: setting overambitious sportive goals; dependence on volunteers and a lack of formal integrity policies and internal compliance mechanisms; financial problems; and external pressures associated with the club’s role as the ‘pride’ of the city, the village or the neighbourhood.

Het Europees Openbaar Ministerie gaat ook in Nederland strafbare feiten opsporen en vervolgen die schade toebrengen aan de financiële belangen van de EU. Maar welke feiten precies? Hoe wordt zijn competentie afgebakend van de competentie van de nationale autoriteiten? En hoe wordt verzekerd dat het Europees OM niet alleen formeel, maar ook praktisch in staat is om de opsporingsonderzoeken uit te voeren waarvoor het bevoegd is? Deze bijdrage bespreekt de invoeringswet waarmee het Europees OM in de Nederlandse rechtsorde wordt ingebed, en de competentievragen die daarbij een rol spelen. Sommige punten zijn helder, maar andere leiden slechts tot vraagtekens.

Dit artikel gaat nader in op de betekenis van het wetsvoorstel gegevensverwerking door samenwerkingsverbanden. De focus ligt op de vraagstukken die spelen rondom de bescherming van persoonsgegevens. Al geruime tijd bestaan er verschillende samenwerkingsverbanden, zoals de Regionale Informatie- en Expertisecentra (RIEC’s), die beogen bij te dragen aan de ‘integrale’ aanpak van belangrijke maatschappelijke problemen (zoals de ondermijnende criminaliteit). Toch zijn er maar beperkte grondslagen voor de gegevensuitwisseling van dergelijke samenwerkingsverbanden. Dit artikel legt nader uit welke problemen er spelen vanuit privacyrechtelijk oogpunt, waar het relevante nationale en Unierechtelijke toetsingskader uit bestaat, en vervolgens wat de meerwaarde van dit wetsvoorstel is.

In Italië kunnen faciliterende beroepsbeoefenaars als louche notarissen, advocaten en rechters, en ook andere facilitators die een maffiaorganisatie ondersteunen zonder daarvan lid te zijn, worden vervolgd wegens ‘externe deelneming aan een criminele maffiaorganisatie’. Die strafrechtelijke aansprakelijkheid is controversieel en leidt al decennialang tot debatten in de rechtspraak en literatuur. Deze bijdrage bespreekt de ontwikkeling van de Italiaanse strafrechtelijke aansprakelijkheid wegens externe en ook interne deelneming aan een maffiaorganisatie, en vervolgens de vraag of facilitators van criminele organisaties naar Nederlands recht vervolgd (zouden kunnen) worden wegens algemene deelneming aan deelneming aan een criminele organisatie.