In recente arresten heeft het Hof van Justitie uitgemaakt dat als een land door middel van een nationaliteits- of woonplaatseis de toegang tot zijn stelsel beperkt, ook niet-economisch actieven deze eisen kunnen aanvechten op grond van de bepaling van het Europees burgerschap. Wel mogen lidstaten bepaalde goed beargumenteerde beperkingen stellen voor personen met een vreemde nationaliteit, zoals dat men vijf jaar in Nederland heeft gewoond voordat men recht heeft op studiefinanciering. Nu rijst een aantal vragen. Hoe kan het dat de bepaling van het Europees burgerschap een dergelijk effect heeft? Zijn er nog verschillen tussen economisch actieve en niet-actieve burgers? Is de jurisprudentie over het burgerschap geen bedreiging voor nationale welvaartsstaten? Deze vragen worden in deze bijdrage behandeld. Daarbij komt ook het recente arrest Europese Commissie tegen Nederland (C-542/09) aan de orde.

Het arrest van het Hof van Justitie van Justitie inzake de Nederlandse verblijfsvoorwaarde in de regeling voor meeneembare studiefinanciering heeft tot teleurstelling bij het kabinet geleid. Hoewel het Hof van Justitie erkent dat bevordering van de mobiliteit van studenten die een band met Nederland hebben een legitiem doel is dat een beperking op het recht van vrij verkeer van werknemers zou kunnen rechtvaardigen is het vooral de exclusiviteit van de verblijfsvoorwaarde, en de geringe motivering van de noodzaak hiervan, waar het Hof van Justitie over valt. De uitspraak laat de mogelijkheid alternatieve voorwaarden aan meeneembare studiefinanciering te koppelen.

This is a review of the book (dissertation) Orde in veiligheid. Een dynamisch perspectief (Order in security; a dynamic perspective) from the Dutch criminologist and philosopher Marc Schuilenburg. The reviewer characterises the book as ‘courageous’ because of its multidisciplinary approach of the phenomenon ‘public private partnerships’ (ppp’s) in security, its rupture with solidified thinking and its use of empirical studies to show what really happens in the workplace of ppp’s. The reviewer welcomes the application of concepts of the French philosophers Foucault, Deleuze and Tarde, but feels at the same time that the author could have done more to explain their thinking. Also he disagrees with the author about the role of the state in security governance, which is according to the reviewer much more dominant than suggested in this book.

This editorial offers an introduction to the current issue.

This article aims at elucidating some methodological dilemmas which should be taken seriously in legal education. It also aims at articulating the process of how these dilemmas emerged both historically and philosophically. The article starts with the observation that our Western legal systems are rooted in a specific theoretical tradition which can be described as being twofold. In a first already ancient (pre-philosophical) conception, theory finds its nexus both in experience and in narrativity, whereas a more modern conception of theory focuses on logical and conceptual coherence, building a system of professional knowledge. The author argues for a combination of both theoretical conceptions as complementary cornerstones of legal educational programs.The twofold theoretical background of our Western legal tradition can offer us a welcome and fruitful basis for dealing with some important methodological dilemmas: an anascopic (from action to institution) vs a katascopic (from institution to action) approach; deductive vs inductive reasoning; problem-oriented thinking vs systems thinking; case based/case oriented vs doctrinal/conceptual thinking. The author argues for a dialectical complementarity between the respective poles of these dilemmas.Finally, the author argues for introducing – already in an early stage of the program –European Union legal thinking as a challenging laboratory ‘in action’ for searching a reflective equilibrium in dealing with the aforementioned methodological dilemmas.

Two waves of democratization define the post-Cold War era of globalization. The first one saw democracies emerge in post-communist countries and post-Apartheid South Africa. The current wave began with the uprisings in the Middle East. The first focused on the formal institutions of the market and the liberal state, the second is participatory and rooted in collective action. The individualistic conception of freedom and democracy that underlies the first wave is false and fetishistic. The second wave shows democracy’s moral appeal is the commitment to equal participation in determining the terms and conditions of social life. Freedom, thus, requires collective action under conditions of equality, mutual recognition, and respect.

In this reply, Steven L. Winter adresses his critics.

In his first book Knock-out from 2009, Rein Gerritsen tells his story of how easy it is to end up on the wrong path. Conversely, in the second part of his autobiography, 13 accidents, he explains how hard it is as an ex-convict to stay on the right track. This goes to show that there is much truth in what they say: ‘The real punishment only starts after you’re out.’ This article is an excerpted pre-publication from 13 accidents.

The central question of this article is whether biographies can be a source for criminological research on white-collar crime and how they can contribute to the explanation of white-collar crime. To answer this question, 35 Dutch biographies were studied. Following the legal ambiguities of white-collar crime, not all of these biographies are about criminal offences. And following the dominant anthropomorphic approach to corporate crime, some of these are corporate biographies. Many biographies confirm current criminological explanations of the causation of white-collar crime. Yet, biographies also offer additional insights, for instance about the causal relevance of the private life of white-collar offenders.

In October 2010 squatting in the Netherlands was prohibited by law. This timing seems strange, because, in the 80s, the squatters’ movement had its heyday, with many very violent confrontations with police. Isn’t it strange that squatting is prohibited now the movement has shrunk and lost much of its significance? We investigate this criminalization of squatting by describing the rise and decline of the movement similar to the turning tide. Based on literature, media reports and our own research data, we demonstrate that the power of the parties in this process is reflected by frames, reasoning and the language they use, and by their position in the media.

Deze studie beoogt empirische inzichten te verschaffen in de socio-juridische context van Vlaamse echtscheidingsovereenkomsten. Meer specifiek: er is empirisch onderzoek verricht naar de determinanten van echtscheidingsakkoorden (ex ante context), alsook naar de effecten die deze regelingen sorteren (ex post context). Door toepassing van de sociaalwetenschappelijke methodologie binnen het familierecht voorziet deze empirische analyse in brede kwantitatieve gegevens die als basis kunnen dienen voor toekomstige beleidsmatige beslissingen. Daarnaast kunnen de empirische bevindingen bijdragen tot de optimalisatie van de redactie van echtscheidingsovereenkomsten.
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This research aims to provide empirical insights into the socio-legal context of mutual consent divorce agreements. More specifically, this empirical-legal study investigates the determinants of divorce arrangements (i.e. the ex ante context)  as well as the effects of these arrangements (i.e. the ex post context). By using statistical techniques of the social sciences (i.e. regression analysis), this empirical analysis provides in broad quantitative data that serve as a basis for future policy decisions. This article concludes that this empirical findings contribute to the optimization of divorce agreement drafting.

Soft law is a necessity in modern public administration. On the verge of public bodies that execute administrative tasks various forms of soft law are applied. This article explores the many shapes of soft law in a continental European context. This results in the identification of a series of variables that are relevant for the legal effects of soft law. The article further focuses on the way policy rules, as a special form of soft law, are treated in the Dutch legislation.

De auteur bespreekt de op 1 januari 2012 ingevoerde Curaçaose trust en zijn karakteristieke eigenschappen. Hij beargumenteert dat de verkrijging van het trustvermogen voor de trustee een verkrijging onder algemene titel is. Voorts bespreekt hij de taken van en de rekening en verantwoording door de trustee, de derdenwerking van bevoegdheidsbeperkingen van de trustee, alsmede enkele toepassingen in de praktijk. Tenslotte bespreekt hij enkele successierechtelijke gevolgen van het instellen van een trust en ruimt een misverstand omtrent de heffing van successiebelasting uit de weg.

The relationship between group workers and their pupils in a youth prison influences treatment outcome. A positive relationship stimulates treatment motivation and readiness for change. The aim of this study was to review the role of hope in a correctional institutional setting for youth. Hope is defined as having a goal and a positive outcome expectation. Hope keeps group workers positive, motivated and inspired to overcome difficulties, and the hope of group workers stimulates pupils to openly reflect on the past, reconsider future possibilities, and become motivated to change their behaviour. There are obstacles, however, which hamper the hope of group workers and may instead trigger negative expectations, cynicism, and despair. Key elements for dealing with potential negative influences on a hopeful orientation are leadership and training. Also conscious reflection on one’s acts, thoughts and feelings can help group workers to deal with resistance reactions and aggression, and to remain hopeful.