Dit artikel is een boekbespreking van het proefschrift van mr. I.J. Krukkert over individuele straftoemeting in het fiscale bestuurlijke boeterecht. In dit proefschrift wordt een interne theoretische rechtsvergelijking tussen het fiscale bestuurlijke boeterecht en het strafrecht gemaakt.

Police and prosecution can appeal to the public for information to further their case. This requires a balancing exercise between the rights of the suspect (and other people involved), specifically the right to privacy and the interest of criminal investigations. Appeals for information and wanted notices require a medium as well. Also, in order for the appeal to be effective, other (news)media need to publish the appeal as well: it needs to be newsworthy and attractive for the public intended. Based on deskresearch, this article describes how an ever-changing media landscape and different media revolutions affect the appeals for information.

In criminology, it is generally assumed that the high social status of white-collar offenders prevents them of being targeted by criminal law enforcement. But when they do, they suffer greater social and economic damage because of this high social status. Empirical research on the consequences of criminal law enforcement and conviction for white-collar offenders is scarce, and limited to the US and the UK. This paper used biographies of convicted former executives in business and public office in the Netherlands, to analyse these consequences and the process of the ‘fall from grace’ of white-collar offenders. The consequences are described in four life-domains: health, the private sphere, the occupational sphere and the social sphere. The results show that Dutch executives, in line with findings for the Anglo-American white-collar offenders, experience status degradation and suffer much collateral damage of criminal law enforcement. After the initial horror of imprisonment, they endure prison life fairly well. Individual competences and remaining social and economic capital enable them to return to normal life, although they cannot return to pre-conviction levels of social status.

In a recent research study entitled Encountering ‘The Other’: Victim Offender Dialogue in Serious Crime the impact and outcomes for victims/survivors of meeting with the prisoner participants who had caused them harm were examined. In the vast majority of those cases, organised within the context of the Victim Offender Mediation Program (VOMP), forgiveness was offered by victims and received by offenders. This research, utilizing a qualitative multiple case study method, examined twenty-five randomly selected cases referred for victim/offender mediation over a 10-year period, in which victims/survivors, following a period of preparation, had participated in at least one day-long dialogue with their offenders facilitated by trained personnel. This article addresses only one of the research questions posited in this study, namely, the ways in which apology and forgiveness played a part in those dialogues and in the experience of the participants following their mutual encounters. It is argued that granting forgiveness can have great power in its effects when experienced by the participants.

This article discusses the willingness of the victim to judge the offender more mildly after the latter apologized for his wrongdoing and shows that he is involved in behavioral change. A large group of victims wants to help (young) perpetrators and offer them a second chance, even victims who have been treated violently. It is argued that these forms of compassion express a caring attitude, the wish that the offender will be rehabilitated and that a change in behaviour is more important than compensation. This attitude can also be referred to as ‘forbearance’, in terms that a less severe sanction is sufficient. This goodwill factor may well be the most important aspect of ‘doing justice’ in restorative meetings.

In this article the author discusses the book Anger and Forgiveness written by the well-known and influential American philosopher Martha Nussbaum. In the opinion of the author Anger and Forgiveness is a provocative and challenging book. In the book, Nussbaum makes a distinction between conditional and unconditional forgiveness, she relates conditional forgiveness to the logic of retribution and she disapproves retribution and, by extension, conditional forgiveness on moral grounds. Her disapproval of retribution and conditional forgiveness is related to her disapproval of (vindictive) anger, which in her opinion is intrinsic part of retribution and conditional forgiveness. According to Nussbaum, anger – transitional anger excluded – has to be replaced by unconditional love; only conduct that stems from unconditional love can be qualified as moral. Sometimes unconditional forgiveness can be seen as a form of unconditional love. Subsequently, Nussbaum applies her ideas on anger, retribution, forgiveness and love to the political domain, to which also criminal law belongs. Nussbaum pleads for a criminal law system empty of anger and retribution; in Nussbaum’s criminal law system there is only room for prevention, grace and human welfare – all stemming of unconditional love. Nussbaum’s Anger and Forgiveness offers an alternative view on concepts such as anger, retribution, forgiveness and love, concepts which are important within the context of criminal law and restorative justice. The author argues that, although the reader can certainly learn from Nussbaum’s ideas as explained in Anger and Forgiveness, the radicality of her ideas inevitably causes criticism; Nussbaum holds a very idealistic perspective that neglects the human condition. Instead of ruling out anger and retribution, the author advocates a criminal law system that is capable of canalizing anger and transforming vindictive anger into transitional anger. Furthermore, he pleads for a criminal law system that makes forgiveness possible without forcing victims to forgive. For that reason restorative justice practices need to be incorporated into the criminal law system. In sum, to a certain extent Nussbaum and Claessen share the same moral ideals, but they disagree on the path leading tot those ideals. Where Nussbaum opts for a top-down approach, Claessen opts for a bottom-up approach which respects the human condition.

Internationally, research on the experiences of white-collar offenders with the criminal justice system and the consequences of prosecution and conviction is scarce. Such research becomes more relevant, as the response to white-collar crime has become more punitive and more offenders are convicted. This paper presents the experiences of the co-author as a convicted white-collar offender as an autobiographical case-study. In this cases study, the consequences and experiences during four phases (investigation, prosecution, sentence-execution and post-sentencing) are analysed on four live-domains: health, private life, social life and professional life. Such an approach could be a blueprint for further and more systematic study of the experiences with and consequences of criminal justice for white-collar offenders. Such study can shed light on the effects and actual achievement of goals of punishment for white-collar crime.

This article studies the development in the prison system over the period 1837-2016 in the Netherlands. It describes trends in three characteristics of the Dutch prison system: (a) the number of prisoners, (b) the number of cells, and (c) the inflow of persons from the free society. The findings are twofold. On the one hand – when examining absolute numbers – the article shows that three distinct periods can be distinguished: a period of 140 years with low stable numbers (1837-1975), four decades in which the numbers tripled (1975-2005), and a subsequent decade where the numbers halved (2005-2016). On the other hand – when examining relative numbers, i.e. per 100.000 inhabitants, and thus controlling for the growth in population – the article displays that developments in the prison system in the Netherlands between 1837-2016 can best be characterized by a long-term continuous decrease in detention.

Recentelijk heeft het Hof van Justitie in de zaak Pisciotti opnieuw een oordeel gegeven over uitlevering van een EU-onderdaan naar een derde staat.¹xHvJ (Grote Kamer) 10 april 2018, zaak C-191/16, Romano Pisciotti/Bundesrepublik Deutschland, ECLI:EU:C:2018:222. Het arrest bouwt voort op eerdere revolutionaire rechtspraak en verduidelijkt de ingezette lijn van het Hof van Justitie. Om die reden is de uitspraak bijzonder interessant. In deze bijdrage bespreek ik het oordeel van het Hof van Justitie in Pisciotti. Vervolgens plaats ik het arrest in de context van eerdere Europese jurisprudentie over uitlevering. Ik bekijk ook welke implicaties de rechtspraak van het Hof van Justitie heeft voor de rechtspraktijk hier te lande.
HvJ (Grote Kamer) 10 april 2018, zaak C-191/16, Romano Pisciotti/Bundesrepublik Deutschland, ECLI:EU:C:2018:222.

Noten

• 1 HvJ (Grote Kamer) 10 april 2018, zaak C-191/16, Romano Pisciotti/Bundesrepublik Deutschland, ECLI:EU:C:2018:222.

In deze bijdrage staat het herziene voorstel van wet centraal strekkende tot invoering van een nieuwe Titel – ‘Herstelrechtvoorzieningen’ – in het (nieuwe) Wetboek van Strafvordering. Het wetsvoorstel is in feite een ‘burgerinitiatiefwetsvoorstel’ en is geschreven door een initiatiefgroep bestaande uit medewerkers van de Universiteit Maastricht en restorative Justice Nederland in samenwerking met een denktank van vele professionals werkzaam in de strafrechtspraktijk, onder wie rechters, officieren van justitie, advocaten, mediators, politiemedewerkers en gevangenispersoneel. De auteur zet in deze bijdrage niet alleen de proeve van wetgeving uiteen, maar plaatst deze ook binnen een passende rechtshistorische context en voorziet haar voorts van zijn persoonlijke commentaar en visie.

De modernisering van het Wetboek van Strafvordering is aangegrepen om een principieel vraagstuk uit de regeling over de berechting te herzien: de verplichte aanwezigheid van de verdachte bij het onderzoek ter terechtzitting en bij de openbare uitspraak. In deze bijdrage wordt onderzocht wat de inhoud en achtergrond van deze voorstellen zijn en wordt een oordeel gegeven over deze verschijningsplichten in het licht van de verschillende rationales die een verschijningsplicht zou kunnen vervullen – rationales die op hun beurt voortvloeien uit de functies van het straf(proces)recht. Daarbij wordt ook ingegaan op de mogelijke neveneffecten en de risico’s voor fundamentele rechten (met name de onschuldpresumptie).

De wereldwijde belangstelling die het seksueel misbruik door de rooms-katholieke kerk heeft gekregen, heeft in Nederland geresulteerd in een procedure voor slachtoffers van dit seksueel misbruik in Nederland. Deze bijdrage doet verslag van een onderzoek waarin is geanalyseerd (1) of benadeelden kregen wat zij zochten, en (2) wat daarnaast verklaarde waarom de geschilbeslechters overgingen tot het toekennen van niet-financiële compensatie zoals excuses, erkenning van het leed en erkenning van het seksueel misbruik.

Minderjarigen die de leeftijd van 16 jaar hebben bereikt, kunnen uiterste wilsbeschikkingen maken. Uit cijfers verstrekt door de KNB blijkt dat op jaarbasis gemiddeld enkele tientallen testamenten door minderjarigen worden opgesteld. Dat was onder het oude erfrecht al zo. Indien een minderjarige testeert, mag hij op grond van artikel 4:58 BW geen uiterste wilsbeschikking maken ten voordele van zijn leermeester, met wie hij tezamen woont. In de literatuur wordt gesteld dat artikel 4:58 BW thans vrijwel achterhaald is en nauwelijks nog betekenis heeft. Ondanks het feit dat de resultaten van een door mij verricht praktijkonderzoek anders laten zien dan de heersende opvatting in de literatuur, ben ik het met deze stelling eens. Naar mijn mening is er voldoende reden om te stellen dat artikel 4:58 BW thans niet meer in een maatschappelijke behoefte voorziet. Daarnaast is er de bijstand van een notaris bij het opstellen van uiterste wilsbeschikkingen om ongewenste beïnvloeding van de testateur te voorkomen.

In the current criminological literature surprisingly little is known about the development of partnerships of detainees during and after detention. In particular, it is unknown to what extent existing differences in the relationship quality at the start of the detention period continue. Therefore, this study examined how the partnerships of detainees developed by using data from the Prison Project. This is a longitudinal study in which 747 detainees with a partner were interviewed at various moments during detention and six months after detention. The results show that bad partnerships at the beginning of detention remain in general bad or end during and/or after detention, while the average to good relationships remain the same.